巴丹吉林沙漠及其毗邻地区降水特征及风沙环境分析

利用巴丹吉林沙漠及其周边18个气象站点近40 a来的气象资料,详细分析了区域降水、风况、大风日数和沙尘暴等环境要素的时空变化规律。由于受沙漠、湖泊和绿洲等景观格局的影响,巴丹吉林沙漠及其毗邻地区气候要素的时空分布存在很大的差异。大风和沙尘天气主要集中在拐子湖和民勤两地,年均沙尘暴日数分别为28.9 d和37.3 d。沙漠地区降水与其外围相同纬度相比,呈明显下降趋势。沙漠东侧年均降雨量明显高于西侧。年均降雨量最小区域主要集中在额济纳旗,不足50 mm;而在沙漠东侧的诺尔公和吉兰泰年均降雨量分别为114.7 mm和116 mm。通过本研究,不仅为预测巴丹吉林沙漠及其毗邻地区风沙环境发展趋势提供基础资料,也能为揭示区域环境演变规律和生态治理提供科学依据。

Wind-blown Sand Environment and Precipitation over the Badain Jaran Desert and Its Adjacent Regions

  Abstract: The meteorological data from 18 meteorological stations distributed in the Badain Jaran Desert and its adjacent regions were used to describe the characteristics of precipitation, strong wind, sandstorm and their spatial and temporal variations. Impacted by the atmospheric circulation, the wind regimes in the study region showed obviously directional and seasonal variations. In general, the region is mainly controlled by the NW, NE and SE winds. Strong wind and sandstorm mainly focuses in Guaizihu and Minqin regions, and the mean annual sandstorm days are 28.9 and 30.3, respectively. The rainfall on hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert is obviously less than on the periphery of the desert at the same latitude, that on the east side is more than on the west side. The results are important for forecasting the trends of wind-blown sand events and regional ecological change and for controlling sand damages in the Badain Jaran Desert and its adjacent regions.