城市园林游憩活动评价及 "期望差异-体验水平"管理模式 ——以无锡为例

游憩活动设计和管理对城市园林实践具有重要意义。评价是设计决策和管理实践的依据,基于"工具设计－测量评价－管理战略决策"这一评价流程,从游憩活动使用者角度出发,通过文献分析构建游憩活动评价指标体系,并以无锡园林作为研究对象,选择其中四个典型城市园林进行游客抽样调查,通过对调查所得数据的统计分析,综合评价无锡市园林游憩活动的现状,并提炼影响游客游憩体验的重要因素。还尝试性地提出了园林游憩活动的"期望差异—体验水平"管理模式,基于调查数据来计算9类游憩活动的期望差异等级表和体验水平等级表,以确定其在"期望差异—体验水平"横向评价矩阵("ED-EL"矩阵)中所处位置,在此基础上对无锡市四个园林的游憩活动发展提出建议。

Evaluation of recreation activities in urban parks and 'Expectation Disconfirmation-Experience Level' management: An example of Wuxi City

The urban park is an important part of urban recreational spatial system.However,currently recreation products and service provided by urban landscape architecture fail to meet the development of visitors' diverse requirements.Thus,how to plan,design and manage applicable recreation activities in order to fulfill visitors' needs becomes a crucial issue to urban park managers.Evaluation is the foundation of planning and management,so the paper proposes a technical process of "designing,evaluating and decision making" for urban park recreation management.In the empirical study,four urban parks in Wuxi City are taken as examples.First,the paper develops an evaluation index system of recreation activities in urban park from the perspective of visitors,which consists of three hierarchies and 13 indexes.Second,the paper collects data from the survey on visitors of four urban parks and evaluates recreation activities in these urban parks.The results are as follows:(1)environment quality of urban parks in Wuxi City is better than service quality;(2)pricing and particular activities for the aged are supposed to be improved;and(3)the recreation management of tourism urban parks should pay attention to crowd and visitor impact management,while the recreation management of recreation urban parks should focus on developing recreation activities to be more convenient for local residents.Finally,the paper advances a method of 'Expectation Disconfirmation-Experience Level' management.Using data collected,nine types of recreation activities are located in the "ED-EL" matrix and recommendations are given on the development of recreation activities in four urban parks in Wuxi City.