准噶尔盆地南缘煤成油的地球化学特征

齐古油田的原油来源于准噶尔盆地南缘中、下侏罗统的煤系地层.具有饱和烃与芳烃含量高,Pr/Ph>2.5的特征.原油与母岩的碳同位素组成有较好的一致性,都富集重组分.色质分析结果表明,离子特征峰具有典型陆源高等植物输入的标志.泥岩有机质的显微富氢组分占20%以上,它们富集于河流三角洲和水下冲积扇等地.在弱还原-还原环境的低演化阶段形成天然气,也能形成石油,在该盆地沿边缘呈带状分布。

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL-TYPE OIL IN SOUTHERN MARGIN OF JUNGGAR BASIN

The Qigufield is located in the depression formed during the Jurassic period and in the southern ma -gin of the Junggar basin. Usually the vitrinite content is the most in macerals of coal and dark mudstonc but the exinite content is more than 20% in the two coalbed, the matrix vitrinite enriching hydrogen s principal in the vitrinite group, which is of great advantage to liquid hydrocarbon being generated in coal measure strata of the depression. The (S₁+S₂) values analyzed by Rock Eval range from 130 to 164 mg/ g in the gas coal and 99.25% mg/ g in the brown coal from the Xishanyao group (J_2x), and those values range between 72:6 and 99.7 mg / g in the dark mudstonc from the Badaowan group (J_1b) . They suggest that both coal and mudstone have a better oil-generated productivity. The brown coal (J_2x) en -riches vitrinite as high as 90.37% in Sikcshu, Wushu, from the thermoanalogue- change illustration, it can be seen that the oil flow out when R ° values are 0.45 to 1.2%, and the highest peak generated oil is at the stage of R ° ranging from 0.8 to 0.9%., this shows that the vitrinite can not only generate gas but also is a better source material. Generally the content of organic matter from the Jurassic system is less, than 30% in the southern margin of the Junggar basin, and the dcpositional thickness of mudstone is very great, which shows that the potentiality of hydrocarbon generation is high. The vitrinite still dominates in mudstones, and the exinite content reaches 30% and over in macerals of some mudstone, and therefore the dark mudstone of the Jurassic system also is a better oil-generated source material. Judged by the distribution characteristics of biomarkcrs, the crude oil of Qigufield is related to coat and dark mudstone from Xishanyao (J_2x) and Badaowan (J_1b) group, and the crude oil belong to coal-type oil. The richer C₁₉ to C₂₀ abietic, pimaric tricyclic diterpane and phyllocladane tetracyclic diterpane compounds are detected, which suggests the input of richer terrigenous higher plant. Besides C₂₇ to C₃₂ pentacyclic triterpenoids are also inspected in the crude oil and source rock, and the abundance of 17α (H) 21 β (H) - hopane is the highest in them. The Qigu crude oil is also similar to the Jurassic mudstone in the sterane distribution characteristics, the C₂₉- stigmastane is dominant, C₂₈-ergostane content is low, C₂₇- cholestane is trace, and their distribution concentrates on the same area in the triangular diagram. A series of C₂₇, C₂₉, C₃₀ 8.14-secohopane is also determined in the crude oil, they are the products which thermodynamic affect leads the fragile C8-₁₄bond of hopane skeleton to be opened. This series of biomarker is also derived from coal measure strata. Compared the carbon isotopic composition of the coal, mudstone and crude oil, the δ~₁₃C is -24.7 to -32.3‰, -26.6 to -36.5‰　and -25.5 to -29.9‰ respectively. They have a better consistent. On the basis of study on the values of Σ diasterane / Σ sterane, C₂₉α α αS / R+S, C₃₁αβS / S+R, T₃/ Tm, OEP and R ° in source rock and crude oil, authors know that petroleum is generated at the low-mature stage of diagenetic process.