大型藻酶解单细胞用于贝类育苗的研究

用海藻工具酶将紫菜和裙带菜解离成单细胞作为饵料对海湾扇贝亲贝和幼体、魁蚶亲贝和皱纹盘鲍稚鲍进行了研究。结果表明：(1)海湾扇贝亲贝全喂紫菜细胞其效果与喂全微藻的效果相近，亲贝都能成熟，排放精卵和正常胚胎发育。微藻与紫菜细胞混合投喂可加速性腺发育，性腺指数较高。全喂紫菜细胞能够满足幼体的生长发育和变态。但变态率、生长率较全喂微藻和混合投喂的低。(2)紫菜细胞和微藻分别或混合投喂魁蚶亲贝，都能满足亲贝的性腺发育，进行正常受精、孵化和变为D形幼体。(3)用裙带菜细胞投喂稚鲍与人工配合饵料比较，能显著提高稚鲍的存活率。研究表明。由大型藻生产单细胞饵料，在海产动物育苗中具有广阔的应用前景。

A Study of Monocells Derived from Macroalgae for Shellfish Breeding

Monocells were derived from macroalgae, Porphyra yezoensis and Undaria pinnatifida by digestion with alga-tool enzymes. The monocells were then used to feed the parents or larvae of bay scallop Argopecten irradians, the parents of blood cockle Arca inflata, and the juveniles of abalone Haliotis discus, respectively. The results showed that the parents of bay scallop fed with P. yezoensis monocells could mature, discharge eggs and sperms, and the embryo could develop normally. Feeding the bay scallop with a mixture of P. yezoensis monocells and the unicellular algae promoted their gonadal development and the animals had the highest gonadal index. It is clear that P. yezoensis monocells could provide enough nutrients and energies to support the growth, development and metamorphosis. However, the metamorphosis rate and growth rate of the larvae were lower than those fed with either unicellular algae or a mixture of P. yezoensis monocells and the unicellular algae. The parents of blood cockle fed with P. yezoensis monocells, the unicellular algae or a mixture of P. yezoensis monocells and the unicellular algae could mature and release their eggs and sperms. The fertilized eggs developed normally to D-veliger-stage larvae. The results also showed that U. pinnatifida monocells could promote the survival rate of abalone juveniles compared with artificial food. This study shows that monocells isolated from macroalgae will be useful for seed production in marine animals.