A general model for estimating actual evaporation from non-saturated surfaces |
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Authors: | Qiu Xinfa PhD Zeng Yan Liu Changming |
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Institution: | 1. Dept. of Urban & Resource Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Dept. of Geography, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China 2. Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China |
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Abstract: | Based on energy balance equation and mass transfer equation, a general model to estimate actual evaporation from non-saturated
surfaces was derived. Making use of two concepts, “relative evaporation” and “relative drying power”, a relationship was established
to account for the departure from saturated conditions. Using this model, the actual evaporation (evapotranspiration) can
be calculated without the need of potential evaporation estimation. Furthermore, the model requires only a few meteorological
parameters that are readily and routinely obtainable at standard weather stations. Based on nearly 30 years data of 432 meteorological
stations and 512 hydrological stations in China, in combined with GIS, nine typical river basins were selected. Using the
data of the selected river basins, the model was tested. The results show that the actual evaporation rate can be estimated
with an error of less than 10% in most areas of China, except few years in the Yellow River Basin. |
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Keywords: | potential evaporation actual evaporation |
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