丹霞山长老峰国家重点保护野生植物丹霞梧桐数据采集与空间分布研究

使用固定翼无人机航测丹霞山核心区长老峰游览区（航测区面积4.25 km²）获得高精度影像数据638张，用Photoscan软件拼接正射影像地图及DEM数据生产。在ArcGIS10.5软件中将正射影像图批量分割成470幅图（长和宽为100 m×100 m，比例尺为1︰1 000），在分割后的地图上目测识别并定位珍稀物种丹霞梧桐（Firmiana danxiaensis H. H. Hsue & H. S. Kiu），共获取航测区内1 515株丹霞梧桐及其位置数据，构建地理数据库。利用ArcGIS10.5的空间分析模块，将DEM数据转换成坡度和坡向数据，叠加1 515株丹霞梧桐点位置数据与DEM数据、坡度和坡向数据后进行可视化定量分析。结果显示：航测区内有71.2%的丹霞梧桐（1078株）分布在海拔210±90 m的范围内。有68.3%（1033株）的丹霞梧桐分布在坡度>15°的丹霞崖壁地带，与实地观察的事实相吻合。虽然，在航测区长老峰的各个坡向上都可以实地观察丹霞梧桐的分布，但定量统计表明，在南东（295株）、南（276株）、南西（244株）3个坡向上分布相对集中，占总数的53.8%（815株），这也与实地观察到的丹霞梧桐属于喜光照的向阳植物一致。小区域范围内珍稀物种的数据采集与空间分析，是珍稀物种保护的重要基础工作，还可以为较大区域范围内丹霞梧桐生态保护红线更准确的落地提供参考和依据。

Data Collection and Visualization of Firmiana Danxiaensis H. H. Hsue & H. S. Kiu in the Zhanglao Peak,Danxia Mountain,Guangdong Province,China

638 high-precision image data were obtained from the Zhanglaofeng Tourist Area (4.25 km²) in the core area of the Danxia Mountain by fixed-wing UAV aerial survey. Photoscan software was used to joint Orthphoto Map and produce DEM data. The orthophoto map of aerial survey area was segemented 470 maps in the ArcGIS 10.5 software, and Firmiana danxiaensis H. H. Hsue & H. S. Kiu was identified and located visually. The position data of 1515 Firmiana danxiaensis in aerial survey area were obtained, and their points were built GeoDatabase. Using the spatial analysis module of ArcGIS 10.5, the DEM data were converted into slope and aspect data. The location data of 1515 individuals of Firmiana danxiaensis were superimposed with DEM data, slope and aspect data, and quantitative analysed their characteristics visually. The main conclusions are as follows: 71.2% of Firmiana danxiaensis (1078 plants) in the aerial survey area are distributed within the Firmiana danxiaensis Altitude Line" of the Zhangfeng Peak at an altitude of 210± 90 m. 68.3% (1034 trees) of Firmiana danxiaensis are distributed in the cliff zone of Danxia with slope > 15°, which is consistent with the observation on the spot. Although the distribution of Firmiana danxiaensis is found on all the slopes of the Zhanglao Peak in aerial survey area, the quantitative statistics show that the distribution of Firmiana danxiaensis is relatively concentrated on the three slopes of southeast (295), south (276) and southwest (244), accounting for about 53.8% (815) in the total, which also consistent with the observation that Firmiana danxiaensis belonging to the sunny plants. This study not only quantitatively analyzed the micro-geomorphological environment (elevation, slope, aspect) characteristics of the spatial distribution of the rare species of Firmiana danxiaensis in the Zhanglao Peak of the Danxia Mountain in aerial survey area, but also provided the spatial distribution map of Firmiana danxiaensis at different elevations, slopes and aspects. Data collection and spatial analysis of rare species in the small area are important basis for protection. They can also provide reference and basis for more accurate landing of Firmiana danxiaensis ecological red line.