砂岩(砂)的岩相分析和分类标准

定量的砂岩（砂）岩相学分析是重要的岩石学分析手段，有助于探讨沉积物的源区、背景和沉积盆地性质.在过去几十年中，科学家们对于砂岩（砂）的定量碎屑颗粒统计及其潜在地质意义（如沉积碎屑物与源区母岩的关系、沉积过程对碎屑组分的影响、碎屑组分与大地构造背景的关系等）取得了很多进展，但是对于定量的岩相分析方法和命名方案一直缺少系统的总结，导致一些实际工作中的波折和误区.在总结前人文献的基础上，系统描述了砂岩（砂）定量岩相分析的方法，并推荐最优的分类命名方案，希望建立统一的工作规范，本文提升砂岩（砂）碎屑颗粒统计结果的可靠性和数据的可对比性.同时，我们对砂岩构造背景判别图解的适用性进行了探讨，认为图解是展示砂岩碎屑组分统计结果的有效工具，但用于构造背景判断时则需谨慎，最好基于岩石本身的特征并结合其他资料综合探讨. 

Petrographic Analysis and Classification of Sand and Sandstone

Quantitative petrographic analysis of sand and sandstone is an important way of petrology and it contributes to study the source area and background of sediments and the characteristic of sedimentary basin. In the past few decades, geologists have made a lot of progresses on quantitative debris particle statistics and its potential geological significance, such as the relationships between sedimentary debris and source rock, the effects of sedimentary process on debris compositions, the correlations between debris composition and tectonic setting. However, the systematic summary of quantitative petrographic analysis and classifications are scarce, which leads to misunderstandings or even mistakes in practice. Based on the previous literature, in the paper, it systematically describes the quantitative petrographic analysis of sand and sandstone and recommends the best classification naming scheme. This study intends to establish a uniform standard to promote the reliability of debris particle statistics and comparability of the data. Meanwhile, it also discusses applicability of sandstone tectonic background discrimination diagram. Although the diagrams are an effective way to show statistical results of sandstone debris components, it should be used with caution when applied to discriminate the tectonic setting. The best way to discriminate the tectonic setting is to conduct a comprehensive discussion based on the characteristics of the rock itself and other data.