面向转型升级发展的开发区主导产业分布及其空间集聚研究

国际与国内发展环境双重变革下,开发区“二次创业”乃至“三次创业”的呼声不断高涨。为此,有必要重新审视开发区的主导产业分布、集聚及其影响因素,以促进其转型升级发展。以国家级经济产业开发区为例,在系统梳理中国219家国家级经开区主导产业基础上,采用核密度分析法与Ripley's K函数可视化其空间分布格局与空间集聚状态;并面向转型发展与产业升级,采用GWR方法探讨影响技术密集型产业分布与集聚的主要因素及其空间异质性。研究表明：① 国家级经开区主导产业以制造业为主,产业空间集聚存在尺度分异与空间衰减特征。② 从产业组织来看,以单一/双要素密集的主导产业组织模式为主。③ 开发区自身条件对技术密集型产业集聚的促进效果相对有限;城市对开发区产业集聚的支撑作用与城市固定资产投资强度存在一定的反向联系;开发区参与全球化的深度,尤其是利用国际资本的能力与技术密集型产业集聚具有较强关联性。面向转型升级发展,开发区自身应持续改革,主动探索;同时要处理好两个“资本关系”,即开发区与所在城市固定资产投资以及与国际资本的关系。

Recognition of the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of leading industries in China's national level ETDZs

Under the new normal of China's economy development, it is necessary to recognize the leading industries in China's special development zones for promoting economic transformation and industrial upgrading. In this paper, spatial characteristics and influencing factors of leading industries in China's national level economic and technological development zone (ETDZs) are studied based on Ripley's K function and geographically weighted regression methods. The results show that: (1) The manufacturing industry has the absolute advantage in the leading industries of the ETDZs. The spatial agglomeration of leading industries shows the characteristics of spatial scale differentiation and attenuation. (2) From the perspective of industrial organization in the ETDZs, the single and double elements mode play a major role in leading industrial organization. (3) The conditions of the ETDZs have a relatively limited effect on promoting the agglomeration of technology-intensive industries. The supporting function of the city to the industrial agglomeration is negatively related to the investment intensity of the urban fixed assets. The ability of utilizing international capital has a strong correlation with industrial upgrading in the ETDZs. Toward to China's economic transformation and industrial upgrading, the ETDZs should deepen reform in this field. At the same time, two "capital relations" should be handled well, namely, the investment relationship between the ETDZs and the city as well as the relationship between the ETDZs and the international capital.