基于财富中国500强企业的中国城市群城市网络联系分析

现有城市网络研究多集中于城市联系及各城市群内部的空间关联,多以企业总分机构关系型数据研究中国城市网络结构,尚较少涉及中国城市群城市网络联系的整体认知。本文基于财富中国500强中的311家金融与专业性服务企业数据,分析中国19个城市群及41个主要城市间城市网络联系,借助企业在属地城市群层面的跨尺度空间表达,依据关系地理将城市群视为互相联系的空间集合,运用网络分析与互锁网络模型相结合的方法,重点分析城市群金融与专业服务业城市网络联系。结论如下：一方面,中国城市群整体形成以京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝、山东半岛与长江中游城市群为核心的空间组织体系,并与国家中心城市分布特征一致。关中平原、辽中南、滇中等13个城市群为非核心层级空间组织,是中国城市群空间拓展的重要支撑。另一方面,城市群城市网络联系依赖于金融及专业性服务要素高效优化配置,城市群对外联系范围决定了该城市群对各类服务要素流的控制与配置能力,进而影响其发展地位。其中,京津冀城市群主导商业银行、多元金融投资、保险、会计和律师事务形成的城市网络联系,长三角城市群以绝对优势主导证券企业城市网络联系,长三角、成渝、珠三角城市群共同主导着广告代理、管理咨询企业间的城市网络联系。本文尝试以城市群关系邻近性认知企业行动与城市群间的跨尺度空间联系互馈机理,认为城市群间水平联系对中国城市群城市网络具有重要作用,为国家制定城市群相关政策提供参考。

Urban network linkages of Chinese urban agglomerations based on an analysis of the Fortune China Top 500 Enterprises

Existing urban network research mostly focuses on urban linkages or spatial linkages within an urban agglomeration, with most of the research on urban network structure of China based on the relational data of the general and branches of enterprises, while it remains lack of an overall cognition of network linkages between the Chinese urban agglomerations. Based on the data of the 311 financial and professional service enterprises in the list of the Fortune China Top 500 Enterprises, this paper takes the enterprises as cross-scale spatial expressions of urban agglomerations where their headquaters and branches are located, and regards urban agglomerations as interconnected space according to relational geography. Using analytical methods of network analysis, interlocking network model, Pajek and Gephi, this article analyzes spatial relationship between the 19 urban agglomerations and their 41 major cities, with a focus on the finance and professional service sectors, towards an exploration of coordinated spatial development of Chinese urban agglomerations. The conclusions are as follows: on the one hand, Chinese urban agglomerations form a spatial organizational system centered on the 6 urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, Shandong Peninsula and Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, which is consistent with the distributional characteristics of the national central cities, while the other 13 urban agglomerations are non-core spatial organizations served as important support for the expansion of urban agglomerations in China. On the other hand, the spatial coordination of urban agglomerations relies on efficient and optimal allocation of financial and professional service elements. The external contact scope of an urban agglomeration determines its ability to control and configure various service element flows, which in turn affects its coordinated development status. Among them, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration dominates the urban linkages formed by commercial banks, diversified financial investment, insurance, accounting and law firms, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration dominates the securities enterprises’ urban linkages with absolute advantages, and the Yangtze River Delta, the Chengdu-Chongqing and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations lead the urban linkages between advertising agencies as well as management consulting companies. This paper attempts to cognize the relational proximity among the urban agglomerations to recognize the cross-scale collaborative mechanism between corporate actions and the urban agglomerations, by which it emphasizes the important role of the horizontal linkages between the urban agglomerations and thus contributes to provide reference for coordinated development of the urban agglomerations in China.