全球化背景下国家乡村政策演变与乡村地方重组及其不确定性的理论分析

全球化是推动乡村地方重组的重要因素,但国家政策深刻影响乡村地方参与全球化的过程与景观。立足已有研究,围绕“全球化-国家乡村政策-乡村地方重组”之间的关联,通过梳理全球化与中国乡村政策演化的互动关系,分析乡村政策的地方实施过程,总结乡村地方工业化、休闲旅游化和农业现代化等典型重组类型及其面临的不确定性。认为早期农村改革耦合全球化引致的城镇化进程,解决了农村温饱和人口“过密化”问题,推动部分乡村工业化,参与国际分工;持续的深化改革与地方动员,加快了先进技术和生产要素的应用,促进了农业规模化与专业化,并嵌入国际市场;乡村旅游的兴起,促进部分乡村复兴和国际元素的进入。农业收益的增长与稳定、老年农民有序退出以及新业态的就业容量将是乡村振兴的潜在制约因素。

Theoretical Analysis on the State Rural Policy Evolution,Rural Locality Reconstitution and Its Uncertainty in China in the Context of Globalization

Globalization is the key dynamic powering the restructuring process of rural locality. However, the state policy deeply affects the rural locality's engagement with globalization, and alters the rural locality's evolution trajectory and the restructuring landscape. Following the current literature, this study focuses on the interlinkages between globalization, state policy and rural locality reconstitution in China. Through reviewing the literature on the interactions between globalization and the state rural policy evolution in China and the implementation of state policy in local areas, this paper presents the characteristic types of rural locality’s transformation towards industrialization, agricultural modernization and rural tourism and amenity, and discusses the potential uncertainty in the near future. Collectively, coupling the tremendous urbanization process closely related to the globalization, the earlier reforms in rural areas eradicated the extreme poverty and promoted the de-involution in most rural areas, and stimulated the industrialization enforce the rural development resilience and in some rural places. Motivated by the recent rural reforms and revevant new policies, advanced technologies and elements have been introduced widely and agriculture modernization in some rural locality, which promoted the specialized and scale operation in agricultural sector, and led to the gradual engagement with the international agriculture product trade and agriculture production elements exchange. Meanwhile, the current prosperity of rural tourism in some rural localities that are rich in amenity resources played an important role in realizing the rural rejuvenation and attracting the international elements improving the rural human capital. However, to enforce the rural development resilience and achieve the strategic aims of rural revitalization in China. much attention should be paid to keeping the continuous increasing of farmers' income, encouraging the old farmers to retire orderly and creating enough employment opportunities in new industrial sectors in rural areas.