健康视角下城市建成环境对老年人日常步行活动的影响研究

“健康老龄化”背景下,促进身体活动是提升老年人健康水平的重要方式,也是当前多学科交叉研究的热点。依托南京市居民身体活动调查数据,选择老年人日常生活中最普遍且有益健康的步行活动作为研究主题,探究建成环境的影响,以期为相关理论与实践提供有益探索。研究表明：① 老年人日常步行空间范围可作为步行所涉及建成环境边界,不同类型的主要活动场所则可识别建成环境要素需求差异。② 日常生活所涉及的公共开放空间、商业及公共服务设施的密集性,以及主观建成环境感知对老年人交通性/休闲性步行活动具有显著影响。③ 基于老年人日常步行活动习惯及建成环境对步行活动的影响,可从有效供给日常步行生活空间、积极引导健康生活方式方面提出相应规划策略。

Research on the influence of urban built environment on daily walking of older adults from a perspective of health

Promoting physical activity is an effective way to improve healthy level of older adults under the background of “healthy aging”. The related research of physical activity is important, and has become a hotspot between multiple disciplines at home and abroad. Thus, based on the perspective of health, this study mainly focused on walking that is very common and is beneficial to older adults’ health in daily life, and examined the influence of built environment on walking by using survey data of physical activity in Nanjing, and eventually provided useful exploration for relevant theories and practices. The results show that: (1) The range of daily walking space can be used as the basis for identifying the built environment boundary involved in walking, and the main places can be used to identify the differences in the demand of built environment elements. Specifically, a place within 1000 meters from home is the major walking space for older adults, and that within 2000 meters is also an important option. Moreover, there are significant differences in the choice and use of major destinations among older adults among different space distances. (2) The density of public open space, commercial and public service facilities involved in daily life, and the subjective perception of built environment have a significant impact on the transportation/leisure walking of older adults. The intensity of commercial and public service facilities, public space, traffic facilities, the perception of road intersection density, safety and flatness have positive or negative influences on participation or amount of transportation walking. The intensity of public space, residential density and the perception of accessibility of public space, road night lighting and flatness have positive or negative impacts on participation or amount of recreational walking. In addition, with the extension of the range of active space, the influence of subjective and objective spatial characteristics is weakened or strengthened. (3) According to the daily walking habits of older adults and the influence of urban built environment on walking, this study attempts to propose planning strategies from the aspects of providing walking space involved in daily life and promoting a healthy lifestyle.