旅游地社会-生态系统适应性研究进展

适应性思想和方法因符合生物多样性保护要求,对实现旅游地社会-生态系统可持续发展和改善旅游地社区生计具有重要意义,业已成为学术界关注的焦点。在对旅游地社会-生态系统适应性研究文献系统分析基础上,从研究尺度、研究对象、评估方法和分析框架4个方面进行了详细的梳理与评述,研究发现：① 研究尺度宏观微观相结合,以小尺度研究居多,中尺度研究需加强,研究对象需要多维度融合;② 研究结合多角度框架分析,主要包括“脆弱性-适应性”“恢复力-可持续性”和“恢复力-适应性”3种类型,促进多元化评估方法在旅游地社会-生态系统适应性研究中的应用;③ 研究思路和研究内容需综合多学科领域进一步拓展。

Progress on Adaptability of Tourism Destination Social-ecological System

Adaptability thinking and method have become a focus in the world academia due to its fitness for requirements for biodiversity protection and its significance to the sustainable development and the improvement of livelihoods in a social-ecological system (SES). Firstly, this article reviews a great amount of relative literatures about studies on the adaptability of a tourism destination SES and then summarizes in the aspects of research scale of objects, research methods, research contents, resolution path and target management of complex subsystems. This article also tends to provide some references and guidance for the construction and the studies on adaptability of tourism destination SES. Among current researches, the scales include macroscopical and microscopical ones, the majority of which is microscopical. As for the research contents, they comprise several dimensions such as “social-ecological” “social-economic” and “ecological-economic”. Secondly, by comparing relevant literatures domestic and abroad, this article indicates the resolution paths of studies on adaptability include “vulnerability-adaptability” “resilience-adaptability” and “resilience-sustainability”, and evaluation methods mainly consist of “conceptual evaluation and framework construction” and “model building”. On the other hand, researches reveal that tourism destination SES is a complicated adaptive system including many subsystems like society, ecology and economy, whose connectivity can be constructed by target management among these subsystems. Finally, it concludes that scholars home and abroad place their focus on “concept of adaptability of SES”“application of adaptability theory or method” and “connection between adaptability thinking and tourism destination SES” in the studies on adaptability of tourism destination SES. Since relevant research on tourism destination SES is still at its early stage both domestic and overseas, it requires a great of studies. This article gets the following inspirations after sorting out the concept of adaptability of tourism destination SES: 1) Researches on medium scale lack now. Scholars should pay more attention to local culture, transportation in the scenic area and tourist attraction. In the time of doing so, they also should carry out their researches with integrity and comprehensiveness rather than in single aspect or several specific ones; 2) Based on multi angle path analysis and multivariate evaluation methods, future researches should introduce new ideologies, angles crossing subjects, and further improve the application of adaptability of tourism destination SES; 3) By constructing connectivity among complex subsystems in multi routes through target management, relevant researches need to integrate various discipline theories and methods on purpose of explanation and analysis on different types of tourism destination SES and internal elements within. At last, scholars enrich their research contents so as to achieve the sustainable development in tourism destination SES.