乡村聚落空间重构的理论解析

快速城镇化进程中中国传统乡村聚落空间面临剧烈分化和重组。在阐释乡村聚落空间重构的概念内涵基础上,基于宏观和中微观层面、客体和主体系统探讨了乡村聚落空间重构的机理,并提出了乡村聚落空间重构过程中需关注的要点。结论如下:① 乡村聚落空间重构即为适应城乡发展要素的变化,行为主体采取经济、技术、政策等手段调整村镇空间等级体系及干预单体聚落内部土地资源配置,以协调乡村地域人地关系的过程,具有重构内容复合性、重构目标多元性和重构过程复杂性的特点。② 乡村聚落空间重构折射着现代社会生产方式、经济结构、社会结构、制度演化、技术发展等宏观环境的变迁,并根植于所在乡村地域自然-经济-社会等客体系统的约束框架之内,凝聚着利益行为主体间的博弈、对抗、竞争与合作关系。③ 乡村聚落空间重构应正确处理人口-土地-产业关系,充分重视聚落的文化和生态价值,有效发挥政策和制度的支撑作用,以促进新时期乡村地域系统的全面振兴。

The Theoretical Cognition of Rural Settlements Spatial Restructuring

During the process of rapid urbanization, the space of traditional rural settlements in China is facing severe differentiation and reorganization. Based on elaborating the concept and connotation, this paper constructed the analytical framework of the mechanism of rural settlements spatial restructuring at both macro and micro levels as well as object and subject systems, and probed the enlightenment of rural settlements spatial restructuring to promote rural vitalization. The major contents and results were summed up as follows: 1) Rural settlements spatial restructuring is a process of coordinating the man-land interrelation through adjusting rural settlements spatial hierarchy and allocating land resource in the village by the economic, technological and policy means at the background of the changes of urban and rural development factors. It has the characteristics of multi-dimensionality of restructuring content, diversity of restructuring objectives and complexity of restructuring process. 2) Rural settlements spatial restructuring reflects the changes of macro-environment such as the mode of production, economic structure, social structure, institutional evolution and technological development in modern society, and is rooted in the constrained framework of the natural-economic-social object system in rural territory, which condenses the game, confrontation, competition and cooperation among the stakeholders. 3) During the process of restructuring rural settlements space, we should correctly handle the population-land-industry relationship, pay full attention to the cultural and ecological value of rural settlements, and give full play to the supporting role of planning technology and policy system to promote the overall vitalization of rural territory in the new era.