中国农业产业集群演化过程及创新发展机制——以“寿光模式”蔬菜产业集群为例

在对农业产业集群理论探讨的基础上,以山东寿光蔬菜产业集群为例,分析中国农业产业集群形成演化的“四阶段”模型及可持续创新发展的内在机制,并挖掘了“寿光模式”的“集群”本质。结论表明: ① 中国农业产业集群的形成与创新发展:首先是从农业产业集聚开始,并经由专业村到产业集群,再到乡村创新极演化; ② 促进农户的企业化演变是农业集群及其创新体系形成的第一步。创建产业网络是农业产业集聚和专业村向农业产业集群升级的必备步骤,农业创新体系的形成标志着农业集群走向成熟; ③ 山东寿光蔬菜产业集群的形成演化也经历了这4个阶段。各类各层主体通过知识增长、知识流动和知识采纳提高自己的内生能力和外部契约关系,并通过知识和创新网络实现五大维度上的协同创新,一起促进企业（农户）、产业（网络）、技术、制度和空间“五位一体”的协同演化,是农业集群可持续创新发展的内在机制。

The Formation,Evolution and Innovative Development of Agricultural Clusters in China: Case of the Cluster Nature of "Shouguang Mode"

As a new tool of global agricultural transformation, agricultural cluster has become an important strategy for developing countries to revitalize rural areas and integrate into agricultural global value chain. China has also been promoting the construction of the industrial clusters with advantages. However, the existing literature is not enough to discuss the theory of agricultural industrial cluster with Chinese characteristics. On the basis of theoretical analysis of agricultural cluster, taking the vegetable cluster in Shouguang, Shandong as an example, this article discusses the "four-stage model" of the formation and evolution and the sustainable innovative mechanism of Chinese agricultural industrial cluster. The conclusion shows that: 1) The formation and innovative development of agricultural cluster starts from agricultural agglomeration, specialized village to the industrial cluster and then to the rural innovation pole; 2) It is the first step for the formation of agricultural cluster and its innovation system to promote the transformation of farmers into enterprises. The establishment of industrial network is a necessary step for agricultural industry agglomeration and the upgrading of specialized village to agricultural industry cluster. The formation of agricultural innovation system marks the maturity of agricultural cluster; 3) The formation and evolution of Shouguang vegetable cluster in Shandong has also gone through 4 stages. The knowledge growth and knowledge flow within the cluster improve the endogenous ability and external contractual relationship of enterprises or farmers, promote the collaborative evolution of enterprises (farmers), industry (network), technology, system and space, and realize collaborative innovation in five dimensions, which is the internal mechanism of sustainable innovative development of clusters.