深度贫困地区乡村地域系统演化研究——以河北省阳原县为例

在中国快速城镇化与工业化影响下,广大乡村地区尤其是深度贫困地区面临的“乡村病”问题凸显,影响到乡村可持续发展进程,亟需重视乡村振兴。科学把握乡村地域系统的演化过程与格局特征,提出乡村振兴的方向与适宜路径,对促进乡村可持续发展具有重要意义。论文以河北省阳原县为例,从土地利用变化视角探究了深度贫困地区乡村中心集聚性与成长性,揭示了乡村地域系统的演化过程与格局。研究发现：① 伴随着耕地面积的不断减少,乡村建设用地扩张强度明显高于乡镇政府驻地与县城地区的建设用地扩张强度;② 生产要素在城、镇、村间不均衡集聚的特征明显,导致县城邻近地区、乡镇政府所在地、偏远乡村地区的中心集聚性依次降低;③ 受区位、交通、自然环境等因素的影响,县城邻近地区、区位较好的乡镇以及交通干线附近地区更易于集聚生产要素,成为乡村成长性的高值区;④ 深度贫困地区乡村常住人口持续减少,“人减地增”的乡村空心化问题严峻。文章强调应大力发展县域经济,强化城乡联系,提升县城对乡村的辐射带动作用,并积极推进村镇化发展,开展空心村土地综合整治,培育乡村社会资本,激发乡村发展的内生动力。

Change of rural regional system in deep poverty areas: A case study of Yangyuan County,Hebei Province

Under the influence of rapid urbanization and industrialization, the problems of "rural diseases" faced by rural areas, especially the deep poverty areas are prominent, affecting rural sustainable development. There is an urgent need to better understand the process and characteristics of rural regional system change, identify restricting factors of rural development, and propose the suitable paths of rural revitalization for promoting rural sustainable development. This study took Yangyuan County as an example, investigated rural central agglomeration and growth from the perspective of land-use change, and revealed the evolution characteristics of rural human-land relationship in deep poverty areas. The results show that: 1) With the continuous reduction of arable land, the expansion intensity of villages is higher than that of township government seats and the county seat. 2) The agglomeration degree of production factors in the county seat, towns, and villages is imbalanced, resulting in a declining central agglomeration from the areas near the county seat to township government seats, and to remote rural villages. 3) Affected by the factors of traffic, location, and natural environment, areas near the county seat, better-located townships, and areas near transportation arteries are more likely to gather production factors and become high-value areas for rural growth. 4) The problem of rural resident population outflow is serious in deep poverty areas, causing rural hollowing with a phenomenon of declining population- increasing land. The article emphasized that the economic development level and urban-rural connection should be improved to enhance the county seat's ability to facilitate development in the countryside, and ruralization should be promoted alongside urbanization. Besides, it is necessary to implement comprehensive land consolidation in hollowed villages and cultivate rural social capital to promote endogenous rural development.