大运河遗产河道游憩利用适宜性评价

在充分考虑国家文化公园建设等新要求的前提下，采用层次分析法，构建包含4个准则层、10个因子层、22个指标层的评价指标体系，对大运河27段遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性进行评价。研究显示：① 从评价结果来看：大运河27段运河遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性排名情况比较客观，所构建的指标体系对于评价大运河遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性较为可信，对于评价大型线性文化遗产的游憩利用适宜性同样具有借鉴意义。② 从游憩利用适宜度来看：11段游憩利用适宜度较高的遗产河道全部位于京杭大运河和浙东运河沿线的通水、通航河段。4段游憩利用适宜度低的河道均处于大运河已断流区域。浙江、江苏、天津、北京、河北等5省市境内的遗产河道游憩利用适宜性要优于安徽、河南、山东等3省境内的河道。③ 从影响游憩利用适宜性的各准则层来看：游憩利用适宜度高的遗产河道，其生态环境本底质量普遍较高。游憩利用适宜度低的遗产河道，其经济社会条件和旅游发展基础2个指标层的表现也普遍偏低。依托大型线性文化遗产建设国家文化公园，要在对其不同区段游憩利用适宜性开展评价的基础上，构建科学合理的游憩利用模式。

Recreational Suitability Evaluation for the Heritage Sections along the Grand Canal

This article evaluates the recreational suitability for the 27 heritage sections along the Grand Canal by using methods of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Considering fully on the new requirements of National Cultural Park, which is a major cultural projects promoted by China, an evaluation index system including 4 index layers (value of heritage element, background of ecological environment, socioeconomic conditions, and foundation of tourism development), 10 element layers (authenticity, integrity, river condition, environmental quality, etc) and 22 factor layers are constructed. The research shows that: 1) According to the evaluation results, it can be seen that the ranking of recreational suitability for 27 heritage sections is objective, and the index system used to evaluate recreational suitability for heritage sections along the Grand Canal is credible, which also provide plentiful experience to evaluate the recreational suitability for the large-scale linear cultural heritage. 2) From the perspective of recreational suitability: 27 sections of heritage sections can be divided into 3 groups as higher recreational suitability sections, intermediate recreational suitability sections and low recreational suitability sections. All the 11 heritage sections with higher recreational suitability are located in navigable sections along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and Zhedong Canal, included Jiaxing-Hangzhou section of Jiangnan Canal, Suzhou section of Jiangnan Canal, etc. The 4 sections with low recreational suitability are located in the break-flow area of the Grand Canal, including Nanwang complex section of Huitong Canal and Liuzi section of Tongji Canal. The suitability for recreational utilization of heritage river in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Tianjin, Beijing and Hebei are better than that in Anhui, Henan and Shandong. Based on the above results, 11 heritage sections with higher recreational suitability should be developed preferentially, while the 4 sections with low recreational suitability should be protected and restored. 3) According to the index layers that affect the recreational suitability: value of heritage elements is the determining factor for the suitability of recreational utilization, while background of ecological environment, socioeconomic conditions and foundation of tourism development are important variables. The higher degree of suitability for recreational utilization, the better quality of the ecological background. For those heritage rivers with low suitability for recreational utilization, it has poor performance in economical and social conditions and tourism development foundation. Under the premise of evaluating the suitability of recreational utilization in different sections of large-scale linear cultural heritage, a scientific and reasonable recreational utilization model should be constructed. For recreational development of the Grand Canal, authenticity and integrity protection of the heritage should be taken as the baseline, while environmental governance should be taken as the premise.