旅游与竹地摩梭人“家”空间的多维生产及身份认同建构

采用田野调查、参与观察、深度访谈等方法,对旅游背景下竹地摩梭人“家”空间的多维生产与身份认同建构问题进行了研究。结果显示：① 竹地摩梭人的宗教信仰及其在不同时代的流转,规约着摩梭村民日常空间实践中的自然观、世界观和道德观,具有心物自洽和身心统一性;竹地摩梭人“家”空间具有系统性,体现在村外层、村寨层、家址层、祖母房和身体层不同尺度空间圈层中,其空间秩序和意义蕴含着丰富的自然生态意识和人地关系;② 以旅游为媒介的资本、权力和消费等结构性力量相互交织和渗透,对竹地摩梭人“家”空间带来了微观地理空间的社会关系、文化意义和人地关系的重塑,且具有多维空间的交互辩证生产性;③ 随着竹地“家”空间的多维生产和微观地理重塑,出现了以人本主义为特征的前因式认同建构、以结构主义为特征的后果式认同建构,以及以“价值认同,情感不认同”和“价值不认同,情感认同”为特征的“中间型”认同建构。竹地摩梭人对“家”空间旅游化实践的身份认同建构,暗含和折射了村民对“家园”和“家国”的认同状况。④ 竹地“家”空间的旅游化,本质上是传统民族空间资本化的实践过程,归根结底是新时代“地方”对发展路径和方式的选择,但未来需要调适“家”空间资本化和发展异化之间的矛盾。此外,竹地“家”微观地理空间的案例剖析,在理论上补充和延伸了学术界既有“家”的理论研究成果。

Tourism and multi-dimensional production and identity construction of the "home" in Zhudi village

In the context of mobility brought about by tourism, capitalization intervention and tourism utilization of the "home" space in traditional ethnic Zhudi village in China have triggered the multi-dimensional production of space, the difference of identity and the vicissitude of human-land relationship of the "home" space of Mosuo people in the village, and also prompted people's reflection on the development of tourism and production of the "home" space in the village in the transitional period to an urgent problem to be concerned and solved. By means of field investigation, participating observation and in-depth interview, this paper studied the multi-dimensional production and identity construction of Mosuo people's "home" space in the study village under the background of tourism. The religious beliefs and the circulation in different periods of Mosuo people in Zhudi village regulate the natural, worldview and moral outlooks of Mosuo villagers in their daily space practice reflecting the self-consistency of spirits and objects and the unity of body and mind. The "home" space of Mosuo people in Zhudi village is systematic, which is reflected in different scales of spatial circles of village outer layer, village layer, home site layer, grandmother's house and body layer. Its spatial order and significance involve abundant natural ecological consciousness and human-land relationship. Structural forces such as capital, power and consumption, which are mediated by tourism, interweave and influence each other, resulting in multi-dimensional production of the traditional space of the Mosuo people's "home" in Zhudi village, bringing about the micro-geospatial relationship of the "home", the social and cultural significance and the geographical remodeling of the human-land relationship, and having the interactive dialectics of multi-dimensional spatial level. With the multi-dimensional production and micro-geographic remodeling of "home" space in the village, the construction of pre-factor identity characterized by humanism and the construction of consequential identity characterized by structuralism and the construction of "intermediate" identity characterized by "value identification, emotional disapproval" and "value disapproval, emotional identification" have emerged. The identity construction of the tourismized practice of home space of Mosuo people implies and reflects the villagers' recognition of "homestead" and "home country". The essence of tourismized "home" space tourism is the practice process of traditional national space capitalization. Ultimately, it is the choice of development path and mode by "locals" in the new era. It is also necessary to adjust the contradiction between "home" space capitalization and development alienation. In addition, the case analysis of the micro-geographic space of "home" in Zhudi village enriches the existing theoretical research achievements of "home" in academic circles.