张家界农户乡村旅游脆弱性评价与影响因素

以张家界7个村庄334户农户为研究对象，运用参与式农村评估法（PRA）、主成分分析法、聚类分析法和多元线性回归等方法，分析不同类型农户脆弱性指数以及脆弱性影响因素。研究结果表明：① 农户乡村旅游脆弱性类型可分为意识脆弱型、社交脆弱型、人力脆弱型、发展均衡型和全面脆弱型5种类型；② 总体脆弱性方面，不同类型农户的总体脆弱程度均为脆弱，各自脆弱性指数不一，且非旅游农户高于旅游农户；③ 因子脆弱性中除社交脆弱型农户的民俗文化因子脆弱性指数高于农户认知因子脆弱性外，其他类型农户的人力素质、社会网络、生计资本和农户认知等4个因子脆弱性指数均高于政策制度、生态环境和民俗文化等3个因子脆弱性指数；④ 人力、文化和生态等方面的因子是影响农户乡村旅游脆弱性的主要因素。最后，从提升生计资本、传承民俗文化和保护生态环境等方面提出降低农户乡村旅游脆弱性的几点建议。

Vulnerability Assessment and Influencing Factors of Farmers Towards Rural Tourism in Zhangjiajie

Based on the connotation of rural tourism vulnerability, this paper constructs a vulnerability evaluation index system. Taking 334 rural households in 7 villages of Zhangjiajie as the research object, using the methods of participatory rural assessment (PRA), principal component analysis, cluster analysis and multiple linear regression, this paper analyzes the vulnerability index of different types of farmer and the influencing factors of vulnerability. The results show that: 1) Rural tourism vulnerability of farmers can be divided into five types: Consciousness vulnerability, social vulnerability, human vulnerability, development balance and total vulnerability; 2) In terms of the total vulnerability, the vulnerability of different types of farmers is fragile, their vulnerability indexes are different and non-tourism farmers are higher than tourism farmers; 3) In addition, the vulnerability index of folk culture factors of social vulnerable farmers is higher than that of cognitive factors, the vulnerability indexes of human quality, social network, livelihood capital and farmers' cognition of other types of farmers are higher than those of policy system, ecological environment and folk culture; 4) Human, cultural and ecological factors are the main factors that affect the vulnerability of rural tourism. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to reduce the vulnerability of rural tourism from the aspects of improving livelihood capital, inheriting folk culture and protecting ecological environment.