基于遥感的迪拜哈翔清洁能源电站项目监管方法

自“一带一路”倡议提出以来,中国企业在“一带一路”沿线国家投资、承建了大量基础设施项目,这些项目在促进当地经济发展的同时,不可避免地给当地生态环境带来一定的影响。目前国内主要采用统计调查等方法进行监管,缺乏直接的境外工程监管手段。遥感技术能为境外工程项目监管提供新方法、新手段,但地面调查数据难以获取是境外项目监管面临的重要问题。针对该问题,本文以迪拜哈翔清洁能源电站项目为例,结合遥感技术（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）的优势,提出了一种境外工程的遥感监管方法。① 针对生态环境影响和工程建设进度两项监测内容,建立了遥感监测技术指标体系;② 基于2016—2018年30 m 分辨率的Landsat 8影像和0.5 m分辨率的WorldView-2影像,利用像元二分模型原理、基态修正模型等方法,从植被覆盖度变化、生态空间占用、自然保护区域影响、工程设施建设、施工附属设施变化5个方面对项目生态环境影响和建设进度情况进行监测;最后通过时序影像和监测产品对比,分析了工程建设对生态环境的影响和工程建设进度情况。结果表明：① 该方法能反映工程在建设过程中对周围生态环境的影响,能准确地监测出迪拜哈翔清洁能源电站的建设进度,对“一带一路”其它境外项目建设的监管具有重要参考意义;②项目建设后无大面积植被覆盖度降低的现象,植被覆盖度总体由低区间向高区间转化;③ 项目施工占用沙地1.4780 km²,港口建设填海面积达0.1246 km²,0.0604 km²的湿地被改为施工沉淀池,没有占用耕地;④ 通过转移海底珊瑚、设置防淤帘、预留海龟产卵通道等措施有效地减少了该项目对Jebel Ali海洋生态保护区的影响;⑤ 工程设施和附属设施建设进展明显,建筑面积增加了0.14 km²,港口建设围堰总长达3.785 km。

Supervision Method of Hassyan Clean Energy Power Station Project in Dubai based on Remote Sensing

Since the Belt and Road initiative was put forward, Chinese enterprises have invested in and built a large number of infrastructure projects in countries along the Belt and Road region. While promoting the development of local economy, these projects inevitably bring certain impacts on local vegetation, ecology, and environment. However, China mainly adopts the methods of record filing and statistical investigation for supervision, lacking active supervision means for overseas projects. Remote sensing technology can provide new methods and means for the supervision of overseas engineering projects. And it is usually an important problem for the supervision of overseas projects that the ground survey data is difficult to obtain. Aiming at this problem, this paper takes Hassyan Clean Power Station as an example and combines the advantages of Remote Sensing technology (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to propose a remote sensing monitoring method for overseas projects. First, the remote sensing monitoring technology index system is established with ecological environment impact and project construction progress as the main content of monitoring. Then, Based on 2016-2018 Landsat 8 imagery at 30 m resolution and WorldView-2 imagery at 0.5 m resolution, the dimidiate pixel model and the base state amendments model are used to monitor the ecological environment impact and construction progress of the project from five aspects, including vegetation coverage change, ecological space occupation, nature reserve monitoring, infrastructure construction, and appendages change. Finally, this paper analyzes the impact of the project construction on the ecological environment and the progress of the project construction through the comparison of time-series images. The results show that: (1) This method can reflect the influence of the project on the surrounding ecological environment during the construction process and accurately monitor the construction progress of Dubai Hassyan Clean Power Station. This method has important reference significance for the construction supervision of other overseas projects of the Belt and Road Initiative; (2) After the project construction, there is no phenomenon of large-scale vegetation coverage reduction. The vegetation coverage generally changed from low to high; (3) The project construction occupies 1.4780 km² of sandy land. The reclamation area of the port construction reaches 0.1246 km², and 0.0604 km² of wetland is converted into a construction sedimentation pond, without occupying cultivated land; (4) The impact of the project on the Jebel Ali Marine Ecological Reserve is effectively reduced through measures such as the transfer of corals on the sea floor, the installation of anti-fouling curtains, and the reservation of sea turtle spawning channels; (5) Significant progress has been made in the construction of infrastructure and ancillary facilities. The building area has increased by 0.14 km², and the total number of cofferdams for port construction has reached 3.785 km.