多重压力对重点生态功能区农户生计资产可得性的影响——以甘南黄河水源补给区为例

重点生态功能区主要承担着提供持续、稳定生态服务的功能,农户作为维护其主体功能的最基础单元和该区最主要的经济活动主体,面临着自然、社会、政策等多重压力,其交互作用不仅加剧了农户的生计脆弱性,更影响到该区主体功能的发挥,当前急需辨明多重压力对农户生计的影响,以便寻求有效的生计脆弱性减缓对策。本文以甘南黄河水源补给区为例,运用入户调查数据与有序Logistic回归模型等方法在识别农户遭受关键压力的基础上,进一步探讨生计压力的交互作用对生计资产可得性的影响。结果显示：① 甘南黄河水源补给区大多数农户遭受自然+经济型多重压力,其中,重点保护区、恢复治理区及经济示范区农户遭受的多重压力分别以自然+经济型、自然+经济型、经济+社会型为主。② 在多重压力的冲击下,重点保护区与恢复治理区农户除了社会资产可得性变化处于稳定状态,其余各类资产可得性变化几乎处于降低态势,而经济示范区农户的金融资产与社会资产的可得性变化处于稳定状态,其余各类资产可得性变化均处于降低态势。③ 婚嫁支出高与农牧产品价格下降、牲畜患病与人畜饮用水困难、子女学费支出高+婚嫁支出高+农牧产品价格下降+养老无保障、建房开支高与生态政策、子女就业困难与农业病虫害等压力的交互作用分别对自然资产、物质资产、金融资产、社会资产、人力资产等的可得性变化影响最强烈。

The impact of multiple pressures on the availability of farmers' livelihood assets in key ecological functional areas: A case study of the Yellow River Water Supply Area of Gannan

The main function of the key ecological functional area is to provide stable and sustainable ecological services. Farmers, as the basic unit to maintain the function and the main economic activity subject in the area, face multiple pressures such as natural pressure, social pressure and political pressure. The interaction of pressure not only enhances the vulnerability of farmers’ livelihood, but also affects the main function of the area. Therefore, identifying the impact of multiple pressures on farmers’ livelihood will help to formulate effective mitigation measures for livelihood vulnerability. This paper takes the Yellow River Water Supply Area of Gannan as an example. Based on 549 household survey data and ordered logistic regression methods, we explored the key pressures of farmers and discussed the influence of living pressures’ interaction on livelihood capital availability. The results showed that: (1) Most farmers in the study area are under natural and economic pressures. The key protective region and restoration region are under the pressure of nature and economy, and the economic demonstration region is under the pressure of economy and society. (2) Under the multiple pressures, the social capital availability of farmers in the key protective region and restoration region is in a stable state, and the availability of other capital is decreasing. However, the financial capital availability and social capital availability of farmers in economic demonstration region are in a stable state, and the availability of other capital is decreasing. (3)The interactions of high marriage expenses and low prices of agricultural products, livestock diseases and shortage of drinking water, high tuition expenses for children and high marriage expenses as well as low prices of agriculture products and pension insecurity, high expenses for building houses and the ecological policy, and low employment rate for adult children and agricultural pests have the greatest impact on the availabilities of natural capital, physical capital, financial capital, social capital, and human capital, respectively.