中国古典叙事文学的时空叙事数字模型研究--以《李娃传》为例

文学制图作为一种再现文学空间的文学地理研究方法,能将历时性叙事与共时性空间进行相互映射,但是过往的实践案例往往受限于单一的研究视角,忽略了二者内部的整体性互动关系及其与外部时空的联系。为了促使文本中的线性叙事与并置空间作为整体概念而服务于当代的文学制图实践活动,本文依据巴赫金文学时空体中的历史时空、文本时空和读者时空的概念提出了一个叙事时空数字模型,并以唐传奇小说《李娃传》为文学制图实践案例,可视化再现了这个以唐长安为中心的爱情故事。在融合了计算叙事和地理叙事研究路径的基础上,本文对叙事文本所蕴含的顺序的、多维的和背景性的信息,进行了语义提取、语义的时空循环映射和"时间-时空-空间"的叙事再现,从而呈现叙事的语言线性、体验性和意义性的特征。该模型以开放的和可对话的框架帮助当代人理解古典文学叙事及其地方性历史语境,同时将拓展从宏观、微观的角度以沉浸式方式对地方(place)进行叙事的潜力。

Digital Model of Spatio-temporal Narratives of Chinese Classical Narrative Literature: A Case Study on The Tale of Li Wa

Literary cartography enables the representation of literary space and the mapping between diachronic text and synchronic space. It serves as an 'ancillary science' in literary geography methodologies. Previous cartographic practices usually focus on either of these two items rather than considering text and space as an interactive entirety. In order to reconstruct the traditional relationship between linear narrative and juxtaposed space in Chinese classical narrative literature, this paper proposes a framework of digital models integrating theories of spatial narrative and methods from literary cartography, computational narratology, and geo-narrative, and consequently reveals the spatio-temporal narrative of a Chinese classical novel, The Tale of Li Wa, which is about a love story happening in the capital Chang'an of Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) and has been diversely interpreted by literary critics and historians since approximately 900 years ago. The framework is inspired by M.M. Bakhtin's chronotope concept which highlights the context of narrative, Gabriel Zoran's topographical-chronotopic-textual space which emphasizes the fictional literature space as a reconstruction process involving readers, and W.J.T. Mitchell's spatial metaphor focusing on "a spatial apprehension of the work as a system for generating meaning". This Time-Space-time-Space framework enables varied structured semantics (including the spatio-temporal information) semi-manually derived from the novel's text and its necessary historical context, as the lack of mature natural language processing tools for ancient Chinese. These value-added structured semantics are then extracted and fused to map the instantaneous spatial pattern perceived by readers in the flow of reading time through data visualization, computational social science, and spatial analysis. The organized spatio-temporal representations of The Tale of Li Wa can help re-understand this classical narrative and its social context of Tang Chang’an city in a situational, vague, and explanatory approach. The Time-Space-time-Space framework, along with the new practice on literary cartography, embeds linearity, experience, and significance of the narrative in an open and dialogic field. It also provides a potential of narrating the place and reading the narrative from both "macro-micro" and immersive perspective.