流域管理与权力产权外部性

流域资源具有公共池塘资源的属性,私人在流域资源的开发过程中可能会产生外部性问题,因而要求政府对流域开发、利用进行管理.但由于实际上政府并不是只有单一目标的统一的组织,在分权体制下,不同区域、部门的政府单元掌握着实际权力.由于权力也存在外部性,各管理区域、部门之间存在利益冲突,导致政府的管理失效.解决政府权力外部性的办法一是要转变政府职能,改变政府的激励机制,二是严格界定各政府单元的权力界限,对流域进行统_管理.

Watershed Management and the Externalities on Power as Property Rights

Generally the government has to supervise the development and use of watershed in order to preclude externalities caused by individual users. But in fact the government is not an organization with only one objective. The power of governance has been divided to different branches of government in different areas and each has its own objectives. Due to the externalities in the process of wielding power in watershed management, conflicts may exist between different branches of government, which results in inefficiency of state interference. Some suggestions are proposed to solve these problems at the end of the paper.