西氏鲍与皱纹盘鲍及其正反杂交F_1代样本的营养成分的组成和含量比较

对西氏鲍、皱纹盘鲍及其正反杂交F1代样本的含肉率、基本营养成分的组成和含量、矿物质含量及氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成和含量分别进行测定,并对它们的营养价值进行综合评价.结果表明,正反杂交F1代样本和皱纹盘鲍的含肉率均显著高于西氏鲍（p〈0.05）;西氏鲍的粗蛋白质含量最高（63.65%）,粗脂肪含量最低（3.37%）,2种杂交F1代样本的肌肉蛋白质含量都高于皱纹盘鲍;亲本及其正反杂交F1代样本内脏中的Fe、Mn、K、Ca、Zn、P、Cd、Pb、Cr含量均高于其足部肌肉,但4种鲍足部肌肉的各种元素含量差别不大.实验测定皱纹盘鲍♀×西氏鲍♂杂交的F1代样本的不饱和脂肪酸相对总量和牛磺酸含量高于其他3种鲍;西氏鲍♀×皱纹盘鲍♂杂交的F1代样本的氨基酸总量（56.50%）、必需氨基酸含量（17.26%）、必需氨基酸指数（93.47）及鲜味氨基酸总量（24.51%）均高于其他三者.以上实验数据说明,通过种间杂交,亲本某些遗传性状缺陷在子代中得以改良,并且获得的正反杂交F1代样本都有部分性状优于双亲.

Comparative studies of the nutritional compositions of Haliotis discus hannai, H.sieboldii and their reciprocal hybrids

The nutritional values of H.discus hannai,H.sieboldii,H.sieboldii♀×H.discus hannai♂,and H.discus hannai♀×H.sieboldii♂ were evaluated.The flesh content was determined,and the nutritional compositions,mineral material content,amino acid compositions and contents,fatty acid compositions and relative contents of muscle were analyzed.The results showed that the flesh content from H.discus hannai,H.sieboldii♀×H.discus hannai♂,and H.discus hannai♀×H.sieboldii♂ was obviously higher than that of H.sieboldii（p0.05）.H.sieboldii contained the richest protein（63.65%） and the least fat（3.37%）.The muscle protein of the two F1 hybrids were higher than that of the H.sieboldii;the content of Fe、Mn、K、Ca 、Zn、P 、Cd、Pb、Cr in the viscera of the parents and their F1 reciprical hybrids were higher than that of their foot muscles,while the content of the elements in their foot muscles show little differences.The unsaturated fatty acid content and taurine content of H.discus hannai♀×H.sieboldii♂ were higher than those of the other groups.The total amino acid content（56.50%）,the total essential amino acid（17.26%）,the essential amino acid index（93.47）and the delicious amino acid content（24.51%） of H.sieboldii♀×H.discus hannai♂ were highest.Based on these findings,some inherited defective qualities of the next generation can be improved by hybridization and the reciprocal hybrids all have some qualities that are superior to their parents.