气溶胶影响云和降水的机理和观测研究进展

气溶胶对云和降水的影响,对于气候系统、大气环境以及水循环至关重要。气溶胶粒子作为云凝结核和大气冰核影响云的微物理过程,进而影响雨、雪、雹和其他形式的降水。近年来,在理解气溶胶的化学成分,气溶胶微物理特性以及气溶胶作为云凝结核和大气冰核影响云降水等方面已取得重大进展。本文对于气溶胶的概念、来源以及气溶胶的直接和间接效应进行了简要概述,重点总结了国内外在气溶胶影响云和降水的机理研究方面的成果,回顾了近年来利用卫星、地面观测设备、机载探测设备等对气溶胶和云进行遥感观测和直接观测所获得的观测事实并讨论了其可能的物理机制,在总结前人研究成果的基础上对未来的研究方向进行了讨论。

Advances in research on mechanism and observation of impacts of aerosol on cloud and precipitation

Impacts of aerosol on cloud and precipitation are important to climatic system, atmospheric environment and hydrologic cycle. As microphysical process of effects of cloud condensation nuclei(CCN) and atmospheric ice nuclei(IN) on cloud, aerosol particles can further affect the formation of rain, snow, hail, and other forms of precipitation. In recent years, great progresses have been made in understanding the chemical composition and microphysical properties of aerosols as well as the influence of aerosol as CCN and IN on precipitation. The concept, source, direct and indirect effects of aerosols are introduced in this paper, and the research progresses in the mechanism of aerosol on the interactions of cloud and precipitation are reviewed. Furthermore, data of aerosols from satellites remote sensing ground observation and airborne detection in recent years are summerized and the possible physical mechanisms of influence of aerosols on cloud and precipitation are discussed in this review. On the basis of the predecessors' research progresses, the future research direction was put forward.