State and church in France: regulation and negotiation |
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Authors: | Jean René Bertrand |
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Institution: | (1) Université du Maine, CNRS UMR ESO, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72 085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France |
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Abstract: | In France the distinction between the secular and religious domains is the result of a slow evolutionary process of secularization
over a period of two centuries. A key element was the law of separation between churches and State in 1905. Secularization
also produced a pluralistic socio-cultural system, which permits an increase in religious supply, issued from outside or inside
existent churches. The religious landscape became complex due to the growth of certain groups. Nowadays, efforts to regulate
Muslim communities are leading towards a new tendency of state control of religious activities in two fields, namely places
of worship and school activities. Religious plurality is recognized by the State in the name of the freedom of beliefs. Private
organizations are used for the public practice of religion and easily obtain places of worship. However, this has necessitated
a large number of regional or local arrangements. In the name of the freedom of thought, the school system of the Republic
is ensured by public schools, or by Catholic or Jewish schools, subject to strict public control. In this matter, there is
only minimal tolerance of other denominations.
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Keywords: | France Geography of religions Secularism State and church relations Religious organizations Places of worship Religious schools |
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