山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架研究

面对当前严峻的资源环境与生态压力,习近平总书记提出了山水林田湖草生命共同体的理念,截至2019年底全国共开展了25个山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点。虽然已有工作取得了一定成效,但也存在保护修复目标不明确、整体性与系统性不足、人工干预的工程措施过度、缺乏动态监测评价、难以实现人与自然和谐共生等诸多问题。鉴此,本研究在梳理景观生态学、恢复生态学相关理论,基于自然的解决方案、适应性管理、社会-经济-自然复合生态系统以及生态系统服务等相关理念的基础上,构建了包含有区域(省)、景观、生态系统以及子项目4个层次的山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架,并提出了项目实施全程监测管理的技术要求,以期为推进山水林田湖草生命共同体的整体保护、系统修复、综合治理提供理论与技术支撑。

A technical framework for ecosystem conservation and restoration

Faced with the severe resources, environmental and ecological pressures, President XI Jinping proposed the concept of community of life consisting a full range of ecosystems, including mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands. By the end of 2019, 25 pilot projects for ecosystem conservation and restoration had been carried out in China. Although the previous efforts had achieved some results, there are still many problems, such as unclear conservation and restoration goals, insufficient scientific characterization, excessive engineering measures, lack of dynamic monitoring and evaluation, and difficulty in realizing harmonious coexistence between human and nature. In the current research, we built a four-level—regional (province), landscape, ecosystem and subproject level—technical framework for ecosystem conservation and restoration, based on the theories in landscape and restoration ecology and the concepts of nature-based solution, adaptive management, complex socio-economic-natural ecosystem, and ecosystem services. Under this framework, the technical requirements related to monitoring and managing the entire project implementation process were proposed, so as to provide the theoretical and technical supports toward integrated conservation, systematic restoration, and comprehensive management of a full range of ecosystems.