安徽铜陵硫铁矿集中开采区矿山地质环境评价研究

安徽铜陵地区是我国典型的硫铁矿集中开采区。研究区内新桥硫铁矿等数座硫铁矿山的长期开采造成了生态环境的破坏,对铜陵地区硫铁矿集中开采区矿山进行地质环境评价可为矿山生态恢复提供依据。本文在资料分析和实际调查的基础上,选取了地质环境背景、矿业开发、矿山地质环境问题和地质灾害4种要素下20种评价指标,采用层次分析(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)法确定了各要素和指标的权重值。在此基础上运用模糊数学综合评判对研究区进行矿山地质环境评价,并采用ArcGIS的网格化插值评价法对比验证。结果表明:地质环境背景、矿业开发、矿山地质环境问题和地质灾害对矿山地质环境影响的权重值分别为0.10、0.14、0.37、0.39。模糊综合评价二级初判结果为:矿山地质环境问题对研究区矿山地质环境总体上影响较大,其中水土污染问题最为突出;一级初判结果为研究区内矿山地质环境总体较好。网格化插值评价将研究区矿山地质环境划分为严重区、较严重区和轻微区,面积占比分别为4.62%、32.04%、63.34%。模糊数学综合评价与网格化插值评价结果基本一致,AHP与模糊数学综合评判法对硫铁矿集中开采区的地质环境评价适用性较好。评价结果可为当地开展矿山地质环境保护和治理工作提供依据。

Ecological evaluation of the Tongling pyrite mining district in Anhui Province

The Tongling area of Anhui Province is a typical pyrite mining district in China. Long-term mining in several pyrite mines in the research area, including the Xinqiao pyrite mine, has greatly damaged the local ecological environment. Ecological evaluation of the Tongling area can provide a basis for mine restoration. Based on data analysis and field investigation, we constructed 20 evaluation indexes for the four influential elements: geoenvironmental background, mine development, geoenvironmental setback, and geohazard. We used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight value of each element and index layers. On this basis, the geoenvironement of mine is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and the evaluation scores were compared and verified by grid interpolation using ArcGIS. The resulting weight values of the four elements were 0.10, 0.14, 0.37, and 0.39, respectively. The primary judgment of second level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation indicates geoenvironmental setback has greater influence on the geoenvironment of mine in the research area, most prominently from soil and water pollutions; while the first level evaluation shows the geoenvironment of the study area is generally good. By grid interpolation assessment, the extent of mining-induced geoenvionmental impact on the study area can be classified as extreme, moderate and mild, representing 4.62%, 32.04% and 63.34% of the study area, respectively. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grid interpolation yielded similar results, whereas AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are more applicable to the pyrite mining district. The evaluation results can provide a basis for the geoenvironmental protection and governance in local mining areas.