隐虾亚科(十足目:长臂虾科)系统发育初探

于１９９３年７月－１９９５年７月，基于隐虾亚科绝大部分属的分类学，系统学、比较形态学研究及部分生物学文献资料并对１７个属的标本进行解剖分析，以支序分析地隐虾亚科作了系统发育初步探讨。结果表明，隐虾亚科为一单系类群，起源于原始的行自由生活的长臂虾类祖先，该类群因躲避敌害而在石珊瑚形成的小空间中营隐蔽生活，逐渐发展到可与腔肠动物、棘皮动物、海绵动物、双壳类软体动物等营共栖生活与海绵动物和双壳类共栖才可

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE PHYLOGENY OF PONTONIINAE (DECAPODA: PALAEMONIDAE)

In recent years, many new genera were established in the subfamily Pontoniinae, Palaemonidac. In order to approach the position of these genera and the systematic relationships among the genera of the subfamily, a preliminary phylogenetic analysis using cladistics was made in the present paper. 80 morphological characteristics were analyzed and 165 characteristic states, including 85 apomorphic conditions, were determined, based on a comparative morphological study and characteristic analysis of 72 genera of all the 75 genera (Climemperaeus, Exoclimenella and Periclimenella are not included in this study) of this subfamily. 17 of the 72 genera, i.e., Anchistus, Conchodytes, Coralliocaris, Dasycaris, Epiponlonia, Eupontonia, Harpiliopsis, Ischnopontonia, Jocaste, Onycocaridites, Onycocaris, Palaemonella, Periclimenaeus, Periclimenes including the two subgenera, Periclimenes (s. str.) and Harpilius], Philarius, Pontonia, Stegopontonia, were studied in detail. 73 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified: every studied genus was regarded as one OTU except Periclimenes, for which, the two subgenera, Periclimenes (s. str.) and Harpilius, were regarded as one OTU respectively. Palaemoninae, the, other subfamily of Palaemonidae, was selected as the outgroup for the character analysis. The determined apomorphic conditions (see Tab.1) are mainly from the following aspects: 1) variations of the mouthparts (including the mandible, maxilla, maxillipeds and epistome); 2) variations of the apical part of pereiopods; 3) variations on the carapace, such as the spines fewer and the surface sculptured; 4) body form, such as the variations from more or less compressed laterally to compressed strongly or, to depressed dorsoventrally; 5) associations with other invertebrates; 6) distributions; 7) variations of rostrum and antenna; 8) variations on the tail fan. According to the apomorphic conditions outlined in Tab.1, the distributions of the characteristic states of the 73 OTUs are shown in Tab.2. The analysis was carried out with Hennig 86 program (version l.5) to obtain a cladogram of the phylogenetic relationships among the 73 OTUs (Fig.1). The cladogram shows that the Pontoniinae is a typic monophyletic group, but the systematic position of some genera proposed in recent years, particularly the monotypic ones, needs further study. In accordance with the cladogram, we suppose that: (1) the ancestor of Pontoniinae is a free-living palaemonid shrimp, like the existing primitive groups of subfamily Palaemoninae, and to avoid predator, some early groups hide in the pore spaces formed by scleractinian corals and adapted to this environments, and by diversifying natural selections and multiple differentiation, gradually some groups are associated with certain coelenterate hosts, while other groups adapted to some extent to hosts such as echinoderms, sponges, bivalve mollusks; (2) the genus Periclimenes represents a link between the free-living groups and those associated with other invertebrates; (3) it appears the genera associated with sponges and bivalves are more advanced in the evolutionary trunk than the free-living groups and those associated with coelenterates and echinoderms; and (4) the original zoogeographical centre of this subfamily must have been located in some coral reef areas of the tropic Indo-West Pacific waters. The hypothetical pattern of evolutionary trends of Pontoniinae groups adapting to their hosts is shown in Fig.2.