太阳活动与太阳自转速率变化关系的分析

研究发现,太阳自转速率的变化与太阳活动之间存在一定的联系,但是不同学者的研究结论存在着矛盾:有的认为两者为正相关,而有的却认为是负相关.究竟两者之间是什么关系,需要做进一步深入的分析.利用EEMD (Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition)等方法对太阳自转速率和太阳黑子数据序列进行相关关系以及相位关系的计算和分析,以探讨太阳自转速率变化与太阳活动之间的关系.研究发现:两者的长期趋势项分量呈显著负相关;在11 yr左右周期分量上,观测到的太阳自转速率滞后太阳黑子的变化约2 yr时,呈显著负相关关系,超前3 yr时呈现次显著的正相关;对太阳活动第12–23周各周内部太阳黑子与太阳自转速率的相关分析表明,两者的关系比较复杂,但负相关关系更为显著.这为进一步理解太阳活动变化与太阳自转速率变化之间的成因联系提供了新的依据.

Analysis of the Relationship between Solar Activity and Solar Rotation Rate

It is widely believed that there is a certain connection between the change in the solar rotation rate and solar activity, but the research conclusions of different scholars are contradictory: some believe that the two are positively correlated, while some believe that the two are negatively correlated. Further analysis is needed to reliably establish the actual relationship. This paper uses EEMD (Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition) and other methods to calculate and analyze the correlation between the solar rotation rate and sunspot number, as well as the phase relationship, in order to explore the relationship between the change in the solar rotation rate and solar activity. It is found that the long-term trend components of the two are significantly negatively correlated; the observed solar rotation rate lags behind the sunspot variation by about 2 years and shows a significant negative correlation, with a sub-significant positive correlation about 3 years ahead; the analysis of the correlation between sunspots and solar rotation rate within each week of the 12th--23rd weeks of solar activity shows that the relationship between the two is complex, but the negative correlation is more significant. This provides a new basis for further understanding of the causal link between changes in solar activity and changes in solar rotation rate.