沉积矿物学在陆缘海环境分析中的应用

沉积矿物学是进行环境分析的重要手段之一，对矿物在表生环境下的物理、化学行为的研究是正确理解和获取一些重要的替代性环境指标的基础，它可为认识近代地质过程、地表气候过程和海洋环境过程提供定性和定量依据。20世纪90年代以来，海洋矿物学注重于以沉积矿物为指示，研究气候、物质来源、扩散路径和运移方向以及沉积环境等相关内容，并与地球化学相结合，解释区域性环境变化，乃至全球性环境演变等问题，取得了重要进展。对我国这一领域的研究现状作一综述，提出了5项环境示踪的沉积矿物学指标，即：用矿物组合、重矿物含量、磁铁矿、角闪石、长石等矿物示踪物源和物流；用矿物组合、高岭石、伊利石、方解石等指示古气候；用重矿物含量、石英特征等反映水动力条件；用海绿石、自生黄铁矿、铁锰氧化物等揭示氧化－还原环境；用火山玻璃、玄武闪石、蒙脱石等示踪火山和热液活动。但应用沉积矿物学示踪环境，必须运用多种指标进行综合分析。

APPLICATION OF SEDIMENTARY MINERALOGY TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS IN MARGINAL SEAS

The sedimentary mineralogy is one of the main means of the environmental analysis. The study on the physical and chemical evolution of minerals under the surficial condition is the basis for correctly explaining and obtaining some of important environmental proxies. It can provide insights into the paleoclimatic processes, the paleoceanic environmental processes and the modern geological processes as well. From 1990's, a lot of convincing results have been achieved in marine mineralogy in explaining regional environmental changes even global environmental evolution with the indexes of sedimentary minerals, combined with geochemistry and paleobiology. In this paper the authors try to summarize the present situation of the development in this field in China and give five indexes of sedimentary minerals as the environmental tracers. Mineral assemblage, the content of heavy mineral, magnetite, hornblende, feldspar and so on can be used to indicate provenance and material transport; mineral assemblage, kaolinite, illite, calcite and so on can be used to indicate paleoclimate; the content of heavy mineral, quartz character and so on can be used to indicate hydrodymatic condition; glauconite, authigenic pyrite, iron-manganese oxide and so on can be used to reveal redox environment; volcanic glass, oxyhornblende, montmorillonite and so on can be used to indicate volcanic activity and hydrothermal activity. When using sedimentary minerals as the environmental proxies, we'd better employ many kinds of indexes and make integrated analysis.