流域尺度土壤水研究进展

占全球粮食产量60%的旱作农业完全依赖土壤水，我国土壤水通量占降水总量的67.2%，传统水资源管理经常忽略土壤水。自李沃维奇首次使用“土壤水资源”的术语和Falkenmark提出“绿水”概念以来，土壤水的重要作用逐渐受到重视。本文介绍了土壤水研究理念和方法的演进，综述了土壤水尺度转换方法，讨论了流域尺度土壤水研究进展；指出目前国内在流域尺度的土壤水研究还局限于小流域尺度评价土壤水分时空分异和建立简单的预测模型，有必要发展较大的流域尺度的基于遥感和GIS的分布式水文模型；流域尺度土壤水评价和预测是流域水平衡和水循环的重要组成部分，也是流域水资源综合管理的主要内容。

Review of Soil Water Research at River Basin Scale

About 60% of all food globally is produced under non-irrigated rainfed conditions.The soil water flux of China counts for 67.2% of total precipitation.However,of all water resources,soil water is probably the most under-valued resource.After the concept of soil water resources and green water was introduced,a plenty of research has been focused on soil water study.This article states the processes of relevant theories and methodologies,reviews scaling in soil moisture and discusses soil water study at river basin scale.It indicates that currently soil water study in China has been restricted at small catchment scale,focusing on estimation of soil moisture heterogeneity and development of soil water prediction model.In future,it is essential to develop a distributed land surface model based on remote sensing and GIS at river basin scale.Because soil water is a crucial part of water balance and water cycle at a river basin scale,it should be a significant component of integrated water resources management.