科学地理学的理论基础及其研究内容与学科性质

在科学与技术是不同的知识形态,科学史研究的地理思潮转向,地理学向“软”的一面转向并关注社会,科学史研究的地理思潮倾向于关注“社会→地理→科学”关系的历史解释,地理学家在科学史的地理解释思想上的贡献等理论基础上,拙文主要阐述科学地理学这一新学科在建构“科学—地理—社会”关系体系上的独特性:①建构关注过去的、现在的及未来的“社会→地理→科学”关系;②践行“以任务带动学科”和“任务学科并重”的地理学发展方略,主要建构“科学→地理→社会”关系;③聚焦于科学活动因素的区域性,注重区域相关性分析方法论。基于这种独特性和地理学方法论精髓,科学地理学研究的内容体系包括:①科学研究及其组织与传播的时空结构;②科学研究及其组织与传播的时空结构与地理环境、经济、技术、社会、文化等结构要素的时空结构及其相互关系;③科学研究及其组织与传播对自然景观、社会景观、文化景观等的影响;④科学研究及其组织与传播对“人地关系地域系统”演进的影响。科学地理学的理论基础、建构“科学—地理—社会”关系的独特性和研究内容决定了科学地理学的交叉性、综合性和区域性,这与地理学特征是一致的,促进着现代地理学微观上的“深”化发展和宏观上的“综合”发展。

Science Geography as a Discipline: The Foundation of Theory,Content and Nature

With the development of society,scientific activities have been one of the socialization divisions,and obviously,there should exist a regional structure.Some geographers have studied the relationship among science,technology and society from the point of view of geography,and put forward some concepts such as "science and technology geography","technology geography" and "science geography".But few studies have been conducted on the relationship among science and technology,geography and the geographical research of scientific history.This paper re-explained the connotation of "science geography",especially as a concept of a discipline.There is an ideological turn in scientific history research,namely the geographical turn,as well as in modern geographical research,i.e.,a shift to the soft side of research knowledge,technology,information,and transmission.We should pay more attention to the "society influence on the development of science through geography" in the ideological change of scientific history research,but not to "science influence on the development of society through geography".Although geographers have made some contributions to the ideological change in the scientific history,their main aim is to research the scientific history from the perspective of geography,not the influence of science through geography.So,as a discipline,science geography contains the following aspects:(1) producing the "society influence on the development of science through geography";(2) practicing the general plan of "developing geography based on the mission",and exerting the "science influence on the development of society through geography";(3) paying attention to the regional factors influencing the development of science.Besides,science geography include the following aspects:(1) space structure of scientific research and its organization;(2) space structure and the relationship between science and relevant organizations,geographical environment,economic conditions,technology,society,and culture;(3) the influence of science research and its relations with natural landscape,social landscape and cultural landscape;(4) the influence of science research and its relations with the development of "man-earth regional system".