转型期职业女性转职的过程特征

在城市化快速发展的过程中,职住关系研究已经成为学术研究的热点问题之一,职住所带来的空间结构是居住与就业选择后的结果。全面揭示居住与就业选择过程显得尤为重要。从20世纪90年代以来,中国开始正式进入转型期,中国就业市场环境发生了深刻变化,居民择业的自主性增加,就业行为日益复杂化,就业行为成为学术界关注的热点。已有研究主要通过与男性比较,探讨女性就业率、就业结构、职业流动等特征,以及特定类型女性在转型期的就业行为特征。这些研究忽视了不同女性在就业市场的转职特征的复杂性。本文基于职业女性的深度访谈,分析发现不同类型职业女性就业历程表现出稳定—波动、波动—稳定、稳定、波动转职过程特征;职业女性因自身属性的不同对就业市场转型的响应存在差异性。

The Characteristics of the Professional Women Job Transfer in the Transformation Period

In the process of rapid urbanization,the relation of job and housing has become a hot topic in academic research.The spatial structure is the result of residential location choice and job choice.So revealing the process of housing and job change is important.Since the 1990s,China has entered the transformation period and the job market in China has undergone profound changes.The increased independency of residents’choice of job and the complication of employment behavior become the hot topics of academic research.Previous studies discussed female employment rate,employment structure,occupational mobility and particular type of female employment in the behavioral characteristics of transition based on comparisons with male.These studies ignore the complexity of different women’s job transfer characteristics in the labor market.Based on the deep interviews with professional women,this study analyses different types of behavioral characteristics of professional women,and tries to explain different types of career women’s responses to diversity of labor market transition.The paper,using the cluster analysis,divides the professional women into five categories by age,education level,household registration,initial occupational type and initial employer type.According to the number and the frequency of female’s job transfer and the direction of occupational mobility,we find that career women are different in the transfer process influenced by three factors.Using the employer type,occupational type and the reason for job transfer,we build a matrix for discussing the occupational mobility.The occupational mobility indicators include employer type,occupation type,wage and the subjective attitude of the respondents.The paper finds the career women with different properties have different responses to labor market transition.Most professional women experience upward and independent occupational changes,while only low-educated women tend to have downward changes.