城市化过程中半城市化地区社区人居环境特征研究——以厦门市集美区为例

城市化过程中半城市化地区存在着城市化程度由低到高的农村社区、城乡过渡型社区以及居住小区等城市型社区,社区人居环境多样化、多变化。在城市化影响下,这些社区人居环境呈现一定的特征。以厦门市集美区为例,通过选取典型社区,分析其景观格局特征,构建人居环境评价指标体系,对城市化过程中半城市化地区不同类型社区的人居环境特征进行了研究。结果表明:①从农村到城乡过渡型社区,建筑面积比例显著增加,道路面积比例变化不大,而林地和草地面积比例逐渐减少,景观格局逐渐变为景观类型较单一、以现代建筑为优势景观的状态,景观趋于破碎化,形状略趋复杂,城市居住小区各类景观面积比例则相对合理,但景观高度破碎化、形状较规则。②城市化过程中各类型社区人居环境质量均逐渐变好,城乡过渡型社区和农村尤为明显,城市居住小区质量明显高于过渡型社区与农村,且除城中村之外,从农村到城市居住小区社区城市化程度与人居环境质量呈正相关关系。③城市化总体上促进了社区人居环境质量的提高,但对社区人居环境各方面的作用具有不同的规律,对于环境质量、人文环境等方面具有一定的负面影响。

Study on the Characteristics of Community Human Settlements in Peri-urban Area during Urbanization: A Case of Jimei District,Xiamen City

Different types of community exist in peri-urban area during urbanization,including rural type,urban-rural transition type containing small town,village in suburb,village in the fringe of built-up area,village in built-up area,and urban type such as residential community.The urbanization gradients of these communities are from low to high.Human settlements of these communities thus present diversity and variability.And affected by urbanization,the human settlements of these communities take on certain characteristics.Taking Jimei District of Xiamen City as a case,the characteristics of human settlements of different types of communities in peri-urban area during urbanization were analyzed with seven study communities,using landscape pattern analyzing method and questionnaire survey techniques based on human settlements assessment index system.The results are shown as follows.(1) From rural community to urban-rural transition community,the proportion of building area increased significantly,but little change took place in road area,and the proportions of woodland and grassland area decreased gradually.The landscape pattern had been turned into less types of community and modern building landscape being the dominant state.And the holistic landscape tends to the state of fragmentation and a little more complex.For urban residential community,the proportions of all kinds of landscapes area are relatively reasonable,but the holistic landscape is highly fragmentized and the shape of landscape is more regular.(2) The qualities of human settlements of all types of communities were gradually getting better during urbanization,especially for urban-rural transition community and rural community.But the quality of human settlements of urban residential community is much higher than that of urban-rural transition community and rural community.And except village in built-up area type,from rural community to urban residential community,a positive correlation exists between the quality of community human settlements and the urbanization degree of community.(3) On the whole,urbanization has promoted the improvement of the quality of community human settlements.But its impacts on different aspects of community human settlements have played different roles,and it had some negative impacts on environmental quality and human environment of community,which needs to pay more attentions in the future during the formulation of sustainable urbanization strategy.