黄河三角洲刁口河流路湿地恢复遥感监测与评价

利用卫星遥感技术对生态调水及湿地恢复进行实时动态监测,不仅可以及时掌握宏观地表的快速变化,还可以为长期的区域生态效应评价提供支持。基于国产自主环境一号小卫星遥感数据,对2010年黄河三角洲生态调水暨刁口河流路恢复过水试验进行动态监测和初步评价。研究表明,刁口河流路恢复过水后,原废弃河道过流条件得到提高,部分被开发利用的河滩地得到恢复,水文条件好转,河流水面面积总体上增加了526 hm2,有利于河道生态条件的改善。通过对湿地引水修复,自然保护区试验区块共有437 hm2的退化湿地得到了较大程度的改善。同时,湿地景观多样性提高,对维持区域景观多样性、改善鸟类栖息地质量具有重要意义。研究结果表明,国产环境一号卫星遥感数据能提供丰富的地面信息,其数据具有较高的时间分辨率,可以作为中国湿地调查和监测的重要数据源。考虑到大尺度调水和湿地恢复对区域生态环境的影响是一个长期的过程,今后应进一步挖掘环境一号卫星现有波段的光谱信息,对湿地恢复进行长期跟踪监测,为湿地恢复生态效应综合评估提供技术支撑。

Monitoring and Evaluation of Wetland Restoration in the Abandoned Diaokou Estuary of Yellow River Delta Based on HJ-1 Remote Sensing Data

As satellite remote sensing provides a large spatial view,combined with a relatively high return frequency,it is a very cost-effective tool for wetland restoration monitoring.In this paper HJ-1 micro satellite remote sensing data were used for monitoring and evaluating the effect of wetland restoration through water transfer project in the Yellow River Delta.The results showed that the flow conditions of the former abandoned channel have been greatly improved through water transfer from the Yellow River.The river water body area increased by 526 ha,and the hydrological situation of the river floodplain has much ameliorated.Some 437 ha of degraded wetlands in the nature reserve have been restored,which will be beneficial to biodiversity maintainance and habitat improvement in the Yellow River Delta.The paper argued that the Chinese HJ-1 remote sensing data,with rich ground spectrum information and a high temporal resolution,can be used as an important source for wetland surveying and monitoring.However,it is necessary to further explore the spectral information of HJ-1 to deeply understand the long-term effect of water transfer and wetland restoration on regional ecosystems at large spatial-temporal scales.