国家公园游憩利用与社区协调的空间重构机理与联动逻辑

游憩活动带来的“人”与“地”的互动使国家公园原本的人地关系有了更复杂的内涵。国家公园的社区协调与游憩利用需要联动发展，其机理是当代社会由流空间与地方场所形成的空间重构。以流空间理论为基础，解析国家公园空间重构机理，构建游憩利用与社区协调的空间联动逻辑模型，结果发现：1）国家公园生态空间所具有的独特资源禀赋是生活空间、生产空间、游憩空间运行发展的基础，生活、生产、游憩空间三者都影响生态空间的生态承载力。2）生活空间中原住民的地方依恋和文化认同都起源于生态空间，为游憩空间提供人文资源，通过宜居程度和生活保障的提升来促进生产空间的优化。3）生产空间也为游憩空间提供具有原真性的文化资源，通过生产方式的转变和就业渠道的增加提高原住民的收入水平，带动生活空间的改善。4）游憩空间所产生的经济资本和文化资本能够助力于生态空间的维护、助力于生活空间的改善和生产空间的优化。因此在未来的国家公园建设与发展中，一是需要根据流空间结构，推进游憩利用与社区协调的科学管理；二是基于空间重构机理，促进游憩利用与社区协调的要素流动；三是需要利用空间联动逻辑，完善游憩利用与社区协调的多元发展模式。

Joint Development of National Park Community Coordination and Recreation Utilization in Spatial Restructuring

The interaction between "people" and "land" brought about by recreational activities complicates the original human-land relationship of national parks. As such, the community coordination of national parks has become a significant problem, and the practice of recreational function should be improved. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the linkage development of national park community coordination and recreation utilization in combination with problems of "place" and "space" in human geography and the development trend of the current information age. This study analyzes the spatial reconstruction mechanism of the national park based on the space of flow theory, constructing a spatial linkage logic model for the coordination between recreation utilization and community to supplement new ideas for the development and management of national parks. The results show that: (1) the unique resource endowment of the national park ecological space is the basis for the operation and development of living, production, and recreational spaces. These spaces affect the ecological carrying capacity of the ecological space. (2) The place attachment and cultural identity of local residents in the living space originate from the ecological space, provide cultural resources for the recreational space, and promote the optimization of the production space by improving livability and life security. (3) Production spaces also provide authentic cultural resources for recreational spaces. Through production mode transformation and the increase of employment channels, the income level of aborigines can be improved to drive living space improvement. (4) The economic and cultural capital generated by recreational spaces can contribute to the maintenance of ecological spaces, improvement of living spaces, and optimization of production spaces. Therefore, this study summarizes three aspects: (1) in the future development and management of national parks, it is necessary to promote the scientific management of recreation utilization and community coordination according to the space of flow structure. Relevant national management departments and local governments should be used as the flow control system to improve the talent allocation and fund-raising of national park recreation development and community coordination in order to shape a scientific and intelligent national park co-management and co-construction system by relying on information flow, talent flow, knowledge flow, technology flow, and other elements. Thus, the macro coordination of flow dominance on the nodes involved in community issues and recreational development is strengthened, highlighting the public welfare, scientific, and national leadership of the national park. (2) Based on the spatial reconstruction mechanism, it is necessary to promote the coordinated flow of elements between recreation utilization and the community. First, in combination with the new infrastructure, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of information and transportation networks around the national park and promote the flow of various elements involved in the coordination of recreation utilization and community and the linkage development of the these. Second, with the support of information flow, traffic flow, material flow, and energy flow, we can improve the production and life development of national park communities with limited geographical conditions. (3) Spatial linkage logic needs to be used to improve the diversified development model of recreation utilization and community coordination. To ensure that the ecological space is not destroyed, more attention should be paid to the "recreational landscape" significance of aboriginal living and production space, causing the living space and production space to indirectly contribute to the expansion of recreational space and providing sufficient standardized direction to the industrial linkage of recreational activities of community aborigines.