巴丹吉林沙漠典型湖冰冻结-消融的空间模式差异

利用多源遥感数据解译、野外考察、原位观测等方法，分析了巴丹吉林沙漠腹地湖泊群湖冰冻结-消融空间模式及其差异的主要影响因素。结果表明：该沙漠存在4种冻结-消融空间模式，湖冰自湖岸蔓延至湖心、冻结早的区域融化晚；湖冰自湖岸蔓延至湖心、冻结早的区域融化早；湖冰自湖泊一岸扩展至另一岸、冻结早的区域融化晚；湖冰自湖泊一岸扩展至另一岸、冻结早的区域融化早。大部分面积较小湖泊的冻结-消融空间模式为从湖岸冻结至湖心，冻结早的区域消融晚。不同冻结-消融空间模式之间的差异反映了泉水与地下水对湖泊的补给作用，同一盆地内部或同一沙山两侧孪生湖泊湖冰物候特征的差异主要受湖泊形态特征、湖泊溶解性固体总量（TDS）、局地气候条件的影响，有泉水或地下水出露、TDS越低、水位越浅、风力越小的区域冻结越早。泉水、地下水与湖水混合后使湖水TDS降低，更易于冻结，这是巴丹吉林沙漠大部分湖泊冰的最初生成形式，表明巴丹吉林沙漠湖冰物候在一定意义上是湖泊群接受区域深层地下水补给的直接反映。

Analysis on the difference of the spatial model of lake ice freezing and melting in the Badain Jaran Desert

This study uses multi-source remote sensing data， field surveys， in-situ observations and other methods to analyze the spatial patterns of lake ice freezing and melting in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert and the main influencing factors of their differences. The results of the study show that there are four different freezing-melting spatial patterns in the desert： lake ice spreads from the lake shore to the lake center， and the earlier freezing area melts later； the lake ice spreads from the lake shore to the lake center， and the earlier freezing area melts earlier； the ice spreads from one bank of the lake to the other bank， and the earlier freezing area melts later； the lake ice extends from one bank of the lake to the other bank， and the earlier freezing area melts earlier. The freezing-melting spatial pattern of most of the smaller lakes is： lake ice spreads from the lake shore to the lake center， and the earlier freezing area melts later. The difference between different freezing-melting spatial models reflects the replenishment of spring water and groundwater to the lake. The difference in phenological characteristics of twin lakes in the same basin or on both sides of the same sandy mountain is mainly affected by the morphological characteristics of the lake， lake’s TDS， and local climate. In areas with spring water and groundwater replenishment， low TDS， shallow water level， and low wind speed， the sooner the lake water freezes. The mixing of spring， groundwater and lake water reduces the TDS of lake water and makes it easier to freeze， this is the initial form of most lake ice in the Badain Jaran Desert， indicating that lake ice phenology is in a sense a direct reflection of lakes receiving regional deep groundwater replenishment.