和田河流域水资源与生态环境变化及其对策研究

和田河流域光，热，水、土地资源丰富，农牧业 潜力很大，然而该流域生态环境极其脆弱，环境灾害多发，水资源开发利用及区域发展不可避免地其生态环境产生很大影响。本文从多个侧面阐述了该流域水资源与生态环境的相互关系和影响，并提出了相应的对策和建议。

STUDY ON THE WATER RESOURCES, ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGE AND ITS COUNTERMEASURES IN HOTAN RIVER WATERSHED, XINJIANG

Situated in the southern part of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, Hotan River watershed is rich in sunshine heat, water and land resources, and has a great potentiality for developing agriculture and animal husbandry. However, the ecological environment in the watershed is extremely fragile, the environmental disasters occur frequently, and the great impacts of exploitation and utilization of water resources and regional development to the ecological environment can not be avoided. This paper discusses the ecological environment change and the direct and indirect impacts of exploitation and utilization of water reources as well as the regional development to the ecological environment in Hotan River watershed, Xinjiang. It is pointed out that the per capita area of cultivated farmland is reduced by 100% due to rapid population growth, and the natural vegetation is seriously degenerated by big consumption of fuel because of the shortage of coal and power supply. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, they are to use water in a rational and saving way, complete the exploitation and utilization pattern of water resources in Hotan River Watershed, improve the ecological conditions, optimize the industrial structure, protect the ecological environment, build up the information management system of water resources, control population growth, monitoring the dynamic balance of popupation, resources and environment, etc.