迁徙季节水鸟对滨海不同类型湿地的利用——以广西山口红树林自然保护区为例

为了解迁徙季节水鸟在不同滨海湿地中的结构组成和行为特征,于2010年3月、4月、9月、11月和2011年3月,在山口自然保护区及其周边地区对不同滨海湿地类型的水鸟展开调查。结果显示:迁徙季节天然湿地共记录到水鸟6目8科39种,人工湿地有6目9科50种。天然湿地比人工湿地的物种数少,整体数量上,春季人工湿地大于天然湿地,秋季则为天然湿地水鸟数量更多。鹬鸻类在不同滨海湿地类型中觅食行为比例差异显著,在天然湿地中觅食比例达到76.67%,而在人工湿地中则以休息和睡眠等非觅食行为为主。天然湿地是鹬鸻类的重要觅食地,而人工湿地则是鹭类和鹬鸻类的主要休息地。鹭类在两种滨海湿地类型中觅食个体的数量不随潮汐的涨落而相应增减。鹬鸻类随潮汐高度上升,在两种滨海湿地类型中觅食的个体数量减少。山口地区的滨海人工湿地是水鸟在高潮期间天然湿地良好的替代栖息地。

HABITAT USE BY WATERBIRDS IN COASTAL WETLANDS DURING MIGRATORY SEASONS IN SHANKOU NATURE RESERVE, GUANGXI, SOUTH CHINA

In order to understand the structures and behavioral characteristics of waterbirds during migratory seasons in different coastal wetlands, a survey was conducted on waterbirds of different types in coastal wetlands in the Shankou National Natural Reserve, Guangxi, South China in March, April, September, and November in 2010 and March in 2011. Thirty-nine waterbird species, belonging to 8 families 6 orders, were recorded in natural wetlands; 50 waterbird species, belonging to 9 families 6 orders were recorded in artificial wetlands. The species richness was higher in artificial wetlands than in natural wetlands. The species abundance was higher in artificial wetlands than in natural wetlands in spring, and was lower in artificial wetlands than in natural wetlands in autumn. There was a significant difference in percentage of foraging shorebirds between natural wetlands and artificial wetlands; shorebirds foraging behavior reached 76.67% in natural wetlands for resting and sleeping, and other non-foraging behavior in mainly artificial wetlands. The natural wetlands were an important foraging habitat for shorebirds, and herons and shorebirds used artificial wetlands as a rest area. The number of herons was not related to tidal rhythm, while that of shorebirds decreased when tidal height increased in both types of coastal wetlands. Therefore, coastal artificial wetlands are good alternatives to natural wetlands in high tide for waterbirds.