A modelling study of the effect of ice particle sizes and relative velocity on ice crystal/graupel collisional charge transfer |
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| Authors: | B Tsenova R Mitzeva C Saunders |
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| Institution: | aNational Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 66, Tsarigradsko chausse blv, 1784-Sofia, Bulgaria;bDepartment of Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Bulgaria;cSchool of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, England, UK |
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| Abstract: | The effect of ice particle sizes and relative velocity on the sign of charge transfer during graupel/ice crystal interactions in thunderstorms is considered based on the concept of the Relative Growth Rate Hypothesis that the ice surface growing faster by water vapour diffusion charges positively. Diffusional growth rates of ice crystals and riming graupel particles are calculated for various particle sizes and velocities, and the sign of charging during crystal/graupel collisions is determined. The study reveals that larger graupel charges more negatively, while larger ice crystals, or higher relative velocity, lead to increased positive graupel charging. |
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| Keywords: | Thunderstorm charging Ice crystals Graupel |
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