湖南省主要成矿作用与矿床成矿系列

湖南省地处扬子与华夏陆块结合部,构造活动强烈,矿产资源丰富。主要成矿作用有沉积、岩浆热液与热卤水3种类型。省内地层分布广泛,从中元古界至第四系均有出露,沉积类型较多样,伴随着沉积作用形成了丰富的铁、锰、铜、镍、钼、钒、石膏、芒硝、石盐、煤等沉积型矿床。全省构造运动复杂,岩浆活动强烈,有色金属矿床大都与中性-酸性侵入岩及浅成斑岩有关,且同时代不同地区、同地区不同时代、同地区同时代不同岩石类型和不同岩石特征的岩体其成矿作用不同。与热卤水有关的成矿作用主要分布于雪峰隆起区及两侧,矿化以锑、金为主,另有铅锌、汞等。笔者在深入分析成矿作用与矿产特征的基础上,依据陈毓川等(2006)划分的"全国矿床成矿系列",将全省矿产资源划分为10个矿床成矿系列,20个亚系列,并归并为3个系列组。其中,与沉积作用有关的矿床成矿系列组合划分了5个成矿系列,13个亚系列;与岩浆作用有关的,划分了3个成矿系列,4个亚系列;与热卤水作用有关,划分了2个成矿系列,3个亚系列。该划分方案基本涵盖了省内目前已发现的主要金属与非金属矿产,可为地质找矿"按图索骥"提供依据,将对全省找矿部署起着十分积极的指导作用。

Mineralization and Minerogenetic series of ore deposits in Hunan Province

Located in the junction zone between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks,Hunan is characterized by intense tectonic movements and rich mineral resources in the regional geological evolutionary history.Three types of mineralization are recognized as being predominant,related to sedimentation,magmatism and hot brine respectively.From mid-Proterozoic to Quaternary,they were well developed and widely distributed.Abundant sedimentary ore deposits were found from different ages of strata,such as sedimentary deposits of iron,copper,manganese,nickel,molybdenum,vanadium,gypsum,mirabilite,halite and coal.In addition,magmatic activities,especially middle-acidic intrusions,were very strong.Nonferrous metal mineralizations are related to middle-acidic intrusion and hypabyssal porphyry.Of course,there are considerable diversities in the styles of metallogenic characteristics from different intrusives,including ages,belts,and intrusive types and characteristics.Gold and antimony deposits related to hot brine occur on both sides of Xuefeng block,so do lead,zinc and mercury deposits.According to the academic thought of minerogenetic series in regional metallogeny(Chen et al.,2006),10 minerogenetic series and 20 minerogenetic sub-series are recognized here.Furthermore,they are classified into 3 series groups.Specifically,5 series and 13 sub-series are determined for ore deposits related to sedimentation,3 series and 4 sub-series are determined for ore deposits related to magmatism,and 2 series and 3 sub-series are determined for ore deposits related to hot brine.Almost all of the metallic and non-metallic ore deposits are included in such a division of minerogenetic series.The authors are in the hope that the division can become a rule which will guide the geological prospecting direction and arrangement in the future.