中国沿海地区灾害发生的环境和社会经济背景*

本文研究了中国沿海地区灾害发生的自然环境背景,特别讨论了地质构造因素、气候因素和地貌因素对灾害的影响.制定了孕灾环境区划,全区按地貌类型划分为北部平原和南部低山丘陵孕灾区以及10个易灾亚区.分析了灾害发生的社会经济背景,区域承灾能力和人类活动对灾害的影响.最后根据地球系统各圈层相互作用及外部强迫因子对灾害发生的影响,讨论了一般灾害的发生和发展规律.

THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF DISASTERS OCCURRENCES IN CHINA’S COASTAL REGION

In this paper,we study the natural background of disaster occurrences,especially the impacts of geological tectonic,monsoon climate and geomorphological factors on the disasters. The regionalization of natural environment producing disasters is laid down. The resultshows that there are two main areas producing disasters,which are northern plain and southern hills.Ten subareas prone to disasters are divided based on the geomorphological types.We also analyse the background of socioeconomy,area capacity of bearing disasters and impacts of human activities on the disasters. On the basis of the interactions among all the components in the earth system and the impacts of external forcing factors on the disasters,theoccurrence and development of disasters are discused.