咸海地区粉尘气溶胶动态变化及潜在扩散特征

咸海水位不断下降导致湖滨荒漠化加剧，尘暴频发，区域环境恶化。利用臭氧观测仪（OMI）气溶胶数据和HYSPLIT（Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model）模型，对咸海地区近期粉尘气溶胶变化及其潜在扩散特征进行了研究。结果表明：2005年以来，咸海地区粉尘活动不断增强，OMI气溶胶指数年平均值、方差、中值和最大值均呈现快速增加趋势，2013年OMI气溶胶指数平均值已经上升至1.47；OMI气溶胶指数具有明显的季节变化特征，春季（3-5月）和秋末初冬（11月-次年1月）是两个气溶胶指数峰值区；在相同时间内，春季和冬季的粉尘潜在扩散范围最大，秋季次之，夏季最小，且粉尘潜在扩散表现出明显的经向和纬向扩散特征；受气流和地形影响，粉尘潜在扩散主要有东北和西南两个方向。

Dynamic Change and Potential Transport Characteristics of Dust Aerosol Originating from the Aral Sea Basin

The falling of Aral Sea level has led to serious ecological disaster. In this paper, OMI aerosol data and HYSPLIT model were used to study the change of dust aerosol index in the Aral Sea basin and its potential transport characteristics in recent years. The results showed that the annual mean value, variance, median and maximum values of OMI aerosol index of the Aral Sea area showed a trend of rapid increase due to the continuous decrease of water level since 2005. The average value of OMI aerosol index has risen to 1.47 by 2013. Aerosol index in spring (March-May) and from late autumn to early winter (November-January of the next year) attained peak, and the change had obvious seasonal difference characteristics. Spring and winter had the largest dust potential transport scope, followed by autumn, and minimum in summer. Dust potential transport showed obvious zonal and meridional diffusion characteristics. Northeast and southwest were the mainly dust potential transport direction in different seasons under the influence of air flow and topography.