且末红枣冬季冻害成因分析及防御措施研究

根据且末气象站1971—2012年冬季逐日气象资料和近年来枣树冻害灾情调查资料,分析了枣树冻害成因及冬季气象条件变化对枣树安全越冬的影响,开展防御措施对比观测,探讨科学的越冬防护措施。结果表明:枣树冻害发生与持续低温、积雪日数、树龄、树种、管理措施密切相关;冬季气候变暖对枣树安全越冬有利,但休眠前气温偏高易导致枣树冬前抗寒能力锻炼不足,对安全越冬不利;防护措施观测显示,根颈培土增温效果明显,降雪时包扎增温效果不佳;枣树越冬保护应因地制宜采用树干涂白、秋翻冬灌、培土、包扎等综合防护措施。

Analysis of Freezing Injury and Defense Measure in winter on Jujube in Qiemo area

The daily meteorological data during 1971-2012 in meteorological station of Qie Mo and investigation data about freezing injury of jujube in recently years was used to analyze the cause of freezing injury and the effect of meteorological factors on over wintering safety of jujube, and the comparative observation in defense measure was carry out to study on scientific protection measures over wintering of jujube. The results showed that, the occurrence of freeze injury of jujube are closely related to continuous low temperature, snowfall, tree age, tree Species, and management measures. The climate warming in winter was beneficial for safe hibernation of jujube, however relative high temperature before dormancy could easily result in insufficient exercise of ability of jujube to resist cold before winter, which led to disadvantage for safe hibernation; The observation of protective measures showed that, the warming effect of crown molding is good, whereas the warming effect of dressing in snow is the worst. Comprehensive protection measures (include whitewashing, autumn turning and winter irrigation, molding, and dressing) should be adjust adopt local conditions to protect jujube to overwinter safely.