从实景三维建模到数字孪生建模

从实景三维建模到数字孪生建模是国家数字经济和智慧社会建设与发展的基本需求。本文探讨了实景三维建模和数字孪生建模的关键技术内涵,介绍了数字乡村、未来社区和智能铁路等典型应用场景。广域范围实景三维建模在低成本高效数据采集和智能化自动化三维精细建模与动态更新方面面临挑战,城市级或重大工程级的数字孪生建模在全要素整体性的表征数据与机理模型集成表达方面还存在关键技术瓶颈。测绘技术亟须多学科交叉融合创新,突破天空地有机协同实时动态获取多细节层级实景三维数据、智能化处理多专业多尺度多模态时空数据、不完备数据条件下复杂场景的三维实体化精细建模、表征数据与机理模型结合的全生命周期数字孪生模型动态构建等核心关键技术,形成通用地理空间智能,实现测绘技术的高质量发展和对经济社会发展不可替代的更有力的基础支撑。

From real 3D modeling to digital twin modeling

From real 3D modeling to digital twin modeling is the basic requirement for the construction and development of the country's digital economy and smart society. This paper discusses the connotations and key technologies of real 3D modeling and digital twin modeling, and introduces three typical application scenarios: digital villages, future communities and intelligent railways. Wide-area real 3D modeling is facing challenges in low-cost and efficient data collection and intelligent automated modeling and dynamic updating. There are still key technical bottlenecks in the integrated expression of all-element holistic representation data and mechanism models for digital twin modeling at the city level or major engineering level. Surveying and mapping technology is in urgent need of multi-disciplinary cross-integration innovation, breakthroughs in organic collaboration between the sky and the ground, real-time and dynamic acquisition of multi-detailed real 3D data, automated intelligent processing of multi-specialty, multi-scale and multi-modal spatio-temporal data, and detailed 3D construction of complex scenes under incomplete data conditions. Core key technologies such as dynamic construction of full-life-cycle digital twin models that combine characterization data and mechanism models to form general geospatial intelligence to achieve high-quality development of surveying and mapping technology and an irreplaceable and more powerful basic support for economic and social development.