热带太平洋和印度洋热源对大气影响的季节变化特征

本文利用1970—1979年COADS2°×2°格点月平均资料,计算了30°S—30°N热带太平洋和印度洋洋面上的有效长波辐射、感热和潜热通量以及它们的季节变化和年变化。结果指出:在冬季半球热带海洋外侧有大量的长波辐射、感热和潜热向大气输送,输送通量的季节变化大;热带太平洋地区西北部热通量的季节变化最大,赤道洋面地区热通量的年变化最小,潜热是洋面上热量输送的最大项,季节变化也最大;感热的输送量虽不及有效长波辐射,但其季节变化与有效长波辐射的变化相当;赤道地区是有效长波辐射和潜热通量的低值区,暖池地区是有效长波辐射的低值中心,靠近秘鲁海域的东南赤道太平洋是感热通量的负值区;热带太平洋西北部和阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾地区的热通量及年、季变化与亚洲季风有密切的关系,同时对我国和南亚地区的气候有重要的影响。 

CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT SOURCE OVER TROPICAL PACIFIC AND INDIAN OCEAN UPON ATMOSPHERE

2°× 2° mean monthly COADS grid data (1970-1979) are used to compute the net longwave radiation and fluxes of sensible and latent heat over the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean (30°S-30°N) and their seasonal and annual variations. The results suggest that at higher latitudes of the tropical oceans in the winter hemisphere, a large amount of longwave radiation and sensible, latent heat transport to the atmosphere with substantial flux variations with the season; in terms of the heat flux, the seasonal variations are the greatest in the northwestern tropical Pacific and the annual variations are the smallest over equatorial oceans; latent heat is the largest term for all transportation of heat over ocean surface with seasonal variations the largest, too; though moderate as compared with the net longwave radiation in the amount of transportation, sensible heat is in the same magnitude as it is in seasonal variations; the Equator and its flanking belts are areas of low flux for net longwave radiation and latent heat, warm pools are areas of low values centers for net longwave radiation and the southeastern Pacific off Peru is an area of negative values for sensible heat flux; the heat flux and its seasonal and annual variations in the northwestern Pacific, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bangal are closely related with Asian monsoon and significantly influence the climate in China and the South Asia region.