1956—2019年昌北国际机场高影响天气变化特征

基于1956—2019年参证气象站记录的雷暴、闪电、暴雨、高温、低温、雾和霾等气候资料,利用常规气候统计及Morlet小波方法对影响昌北机场安全运营的高影响天气事件演变及周期变化规律进行统计分析。结果表明:1)雷暴多出现于春夏季,年均雷暴日数为49.8 d,呈波动下降趋势。2)春夏季闪电高发,且夏季机场附近存在较明显的闪电集中区域,闪电高频时段为13—20时,最高峰为15时。3)年均暴雨、大暴雨日数分别为5.0 d和0.8 d,呈缓慢增长趋势,暴雨集中在4—8月,大暴雨集中在4、6月,二者均在6月份最多。4)夏季高温日数呈缓慢增加趋势,7月份最多,8月份次之;冬季低温日数呈明显下降趋势,1月份最多,12月份次之。5)年均霾日数大于雾日数,霾多发于秋冬季,雾集中在冬春季,均于12月最常发生。6)冰雹、积雪、结冰、冻雨、沙尘、龙卷风等破坏性天气发生频次较小,但不应忽视此类天气的防范工作。7)暴雨、低温及高温日数均存在准2 a的周期变化。

Analysis on the characteristics of high influence weather variation in Changbei International Airport from 1956 to 2019

Based on the climatic data recorded by meteorological reference station from 1956 to 2019, such as thunderstorm, lightning, rainfall, high temperature, low temperature, fog and haze, the evolution and periodic variation rules of high impact weather events affecting the safe operation of Changbei International Airport were statistically analyzed by the conventional climate statistics and Morlet wavelet method. The results showed that: 1) The thunderstorm occurred mostly in spring and summer, and the average annual number of thunderstorm was 49.8 days with a fluctuating decreasing trend. 2) Higher frequency occurrence of lightning was mainly appeared in spring and summer, with a relatively obvious lightning concentration area near the airport in summer. The high frequency period of lightning was from 13:00 BT to 20:00 BT, with the peak at 15:00 BT. 3) The average annual numbers of rainstorm and heavy rainstorm day in the region were 5.0 days and 0.8 days, respectively, and both of them presented slow growth trends. Rainstorm mainly occurred from April to August, while heavy rainstorm mainly appeared in April and June, and both of them occurred most frequently in June. 4) The number of high temperature events in summer exhibited a slow increasing trend, with the highest frequency in July and the second in August. The number of low temperature events in winter showed a significant downward trend, with the highest frequency in January and the second in December. 5) The average annual number of haze day was more than the number of fog day in this region. Haze occurred mostly in autumn and winter, while fog was concentrated in winter and spring, and both of them were most common in December. 6) In this region, hail, snow, icing, freezing rain, sand and dust, tornadoes and other destructive weather occurred less frequently, but the prevention of such weather should not be ignored. 7) Rainstorm, low temperature and high temperature days presented a quasi 2 a periodic variation.