1556年陕西关中华县特大地震地质灾害遗迹发育特征

1556年陕西关中华县8 1/4 级特大地震造成地表强烈变形破坏，灾害群发，伤亡惨重，是史载灾害极端严重的具有世界对比性的特大地震。地表现存的华县特大地震地质遗迹清晰完整，具有重要的地震灾害比较学意义和地震地质学研究价值。本文在深入调查关中盆地东部的渭南、华县、华阴、潼关等高烈度区地震地质遗迹的基础上，重点对发震断层、地震裂缝、地震山崩与地震滑坡等4类典型地质遗迹的发育特征进行了调查分析。结果表明，华县特大地震的典型地震地质遗迹的形成机理是地震动力与区域构造应力场、场地岩土体性质、地形地貌特征、水文地质等要素和作用的耦合结果。华县地震地质遗迹具有重要的科考科普价值和开发应用前景，应积极开展评价和保护工作，发挥地质遗迹的社会和经济效益。

CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOLOGICAL RELICS DUE TO 1556 HUAXIAN GREAT EARTHQUAKE IN GAUANZHONG AREA OF SHAANXI PROVINCE,CHINA

The devastation and casualties caused by the 1556 Huaxian great earthquake are the severest in the history of mankind. According to records, more than eight hundred and thirty thousands of peoples were killed by the great earthquake. Although the earthquake occurred more than 450 years ago, some geological relics caused by the earthquake are still very clear in some counties such as Weinan, Huaxian, Huayin and Tongguan, which are located in the eastern Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi Province, China. In the study, four typical geo-heritages including seismogenic faults, seismic-cracks, earthquake rock avalanches and earthquake landslides are investigated by means of field work. The results show that these geo-heritages are the results of strong ground motion associated with tectonic stress field, types of rock and soil, geomorphology and hydrogeololgy. The geological relics caused by the Huaxian earthquake have great values in scientific research, scientific popularization and tourism. Therefore, the protection and use of the sites should be paid more attention.