三峡水库蓄水后库区水沙变化及其生态环境响应特征

三峡水库举世瞩目,是长江保护与治理的关键性枢纽工程,水库自2003年蓄水运行后库区水沙条件均发生了显著改变,对库区水生态环境产生了深远影响。本文系统综述了三峡水库蓄水运行后库区的水流动力特性和泥沙淤积特性,总结了蓄水后水库的新水沙运动情况;从水库蓄水运行后水质参数特征,营养物质、重金属和典型有毒有机污染物的赋存特征等方面,分析了三峡水库库区新水沙变化条件下的水环境响应特征;基于水库蓄水前后浮游植物、底栖动物等重点生物群落的现存量和群落特征变化规律,探索了三峡水库新水沙变化条件下库区的水生态响应特征;最后对未来三峡水库运行下的水生态环境效应研究提出展望,本文可为三峡水库水生态环境保护科学研究和管理提供新的认识和决策参考。

Water and sediment changes and the eco-environment response characteristics in Three Gorges Reservoir after the impoundment

The water-sediment conditions in the reservoir area had changed significantly after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, which has had a profound impact on the water ecology of the reservoir area. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the water flow and sedimentation in the reservoir area before and after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir were summarized, and the changes in the water-sedimentation conditions after water storage were analyzed. The water environmental response characteristics under this newly formed water-sediment conditions were evaluated in terms of changes in water quality parameters, nutrients, heavy metals, and toxic organic pollutants after the reservoir storage. The ecological response characteristics of aquatic biotas were also explored based on the community changes of phytoplankton, benthic fauna and other key biological communities before and after the reservoir storage. Finally, the outlook for future research on the water ecological environmental effects of the Three Gorges Reservoir was proposed. This paper can provide support for the water ecological environment protection of the Three Gorges Reservoir.