江苏沿海地区深层地下水开发利用现状及环境地质问题

江苏沿海地区深层地下水在开发利用过程中，由于开采布局不合理和存在“三集中”(开采层次集中、开采地段集中、开采时间集中)以及水文环境地质条件脆弱等因素，出现水位逐年下降，并形成区域性降落漏斗，致使部分地段地下水资源枯竭、水质成化和诱发地面沉降等诸多环境地质问题。本文着重分析沿海地区深层地下水开发利用的6个阶段(初级、城市开采、城市超采、区域超采、区域控制开采和区域压缩开采阶段)、区域降落漏斗的3个发展过程(1986年、1995年和2002年)和因深层水超量开采诱发的水资源枯竭、水质成化和地面沉降等环境地质问题的发育特征及演化趋势，从地下水资源管理和可持续发展的角度，提出深层水的保护规划、浅层咸水、海水资源的开发利用、实行强制节水、污水资源化和发展海洋性产业的对策建议。

Aquifers and environmental geological problems in the coastal areas in Jiangsu Province

Groundwater levels have been found to decline from year to year and regional depression cones of groundwater levels have occurred in coastal areas in Jiangsu Province owing to unreasonable exploitation of groundwater in deep-seated aquifers. These, together with a fragile geological-hydrological setting, have resulted in such environmental geological problems as groundwater resource exhaustion, water quality salification and induced land subsidence. This paper analyse The six phases of deep ground water exploitation in the coastal areas (i.e., primary, city exploitation, city over-exploitation, regional exploitation, regional control exploitation and regional compress exploitation), three developmental courses of regional depression cones of groundwater levels (1986, 1995 and 2002) and the development characteristics and evolution trend of the environmental geological problems are analyzed in this paper. From the viewpiont of groundwater resource management and sustainable development, countermeasures and suggestions of deep groundwater protection plans, exploitation and utilization of shallow salty water and sea water resources are put forward, Suggestions of carrying out economical water utilization, sewage recycle and development of oceanic industry are also proposed in this paper.